Nokea
True statements about aldosterone include:
- A. it increases the amount of Na+-K+ ATPase in the target cells
- B. it reduces the sodium content of the sweat
- C. it increases the acidity of urine
- D. all above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Aldosterone increases Na+-K+ ATPase activity in target cells, promoting sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion. It also reduces sodium loss in sweat and increases urine acidity by promoting hydrogen ion excretion. These actions help regulate electrolyte balance and blood pressure.
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Which of the following findings would indicate a change in a patient's mental status?
- A. Sudden onset of confusion or disorientation.
- B. Steady gait and normal speech.
- C. Clear and coherent communication.
- D. Stable vital signs and regular breathing.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A sudden onset of confusion or disorientation is a key indicator of a change in mental status. Steady gait, clear communication, and stable vital signs are normal findings.
One of the most common features of neurological disorders are Language deficits and are collectively known as
- A. Dysphasias
- B. Alogias
- C. Anomias
- D. Aphasias
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Aphasia is a language disorder resulting from damage to the brain's language centers, typically in the left hemisphere. It affects the ability to produce or comprehend speech, read, or write. Aphasia can manifest in various forms, such as Broca's aphasia (difficulty speaking) or Wernicke's aphasia (difficulty understanding language). These deficits are common in neurological disorders like stroke, traumatic brain injury, or neurodegenerative diseases.
Which signaling molecule is most likely responsible for an increase in digestive activity?
- A. epinephrine
- B. norepinephrine
- C. acetylcholine
- D. adrenaline
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: acetylcholine. Acetylcholine is the primary neurotransmitter responsible for stimulating digestive activity by increasing the secretion of digestive enzymes and promoting smooth muscle contractions. Epinephrine, norepinephrine, and adrenaline are stress hormones that inhibit digestive activity by diverting blood flow away from the digestive system and prioritizing other physiological responses. Therefore, acetylcholine is the most likely signaling molecule to increase digestive activity compared to the other choices.
A client with multiple sclerosis is observed transferring from the bed to a motorized wheelchair and applying splints to the lower extremities before entering the bathroom to perform morning self-care. What could the nurse conclude regarding this observation?
- A. The client uses assistive devices to optimize autonomy.
- B. The client needs instruction to conduct morning care before applying splints to lower extremities.
- C. The client is dependent upon assistive devices.
- D. The client is reliant upon assistive devices for independent.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The client's use of assistive devices demonstrates their ability to maintain independence and adapt to their physical limitations.
Which of the following nursing interventions is taken as a precautionary measure if shock develops when a client with spinal cord injury is hospitalized?
- A. An IV line is inserted to provide access to a vein.
- B. Head and back are immobilized mechanically with a cervical collar and back support.
- C. Traction with weights and pulleys is applied.
- D. A turning frame is used.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: IV access is critical for administering fluids and medications in shock.