Nokea
Twins resulting from the fertilization of separate ova by separate sperm cell are called:
- A. Paternal twins
- B. Maternal twins
- C. Fraternal twins
- D. Identical twins
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Fraternal twins. Fraternal twins result from the fertilization of separate ova by separate sperm cells, leading to siblings who share 50% of their genetic material. This is different from identical twins (choice D), which result from the fertilization of a single egg by a single sperm cell, leading to siblings who share 100% of their genetic material. Choices A and B are incorrect as they do not accurately describe the process of fraternal twinning. Paternal twins (choice A) and maternal twins (choice B) are not commonly used terms in genetics to describe types of twinning.
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What does line “A” point to?
- A. Lymphatic vessels
- B. Pampiniform plexus
- C. Internal spermatic fascia
- D. Spermatic cord
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Lymphatic vessels. Line "A" typically points to lymphatic vessels because they play a crucial role in draining excess fluid and waste products from tissues. They help maintain fluid balance and immunity. The other choices are incorrect because the pampiniform plexus is a network of veins in the spermatic cord, the internal spermatic fascia is a layer of connective tissue surrounding the spermatic cord, and the spermatic cord is a structure containing blood vessels, nerves, and ducts that support the testes. These structures are closely related anatomically but serve different functions compared to lymphatic vessels.
The nurse documents which finding as expected on inspection of the anus?
- A. Skin tone darker and coarser than that of the surrounding skin
- B. Sphincter lightly closed when the patient is relaxed
- C. Large amount of stiff, curling hair surrounding the anus
- D. Slight protrusion under the skin when the patient strains or bears down
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because the normal skin tone of the anus is typically slightly darker and coarser than the surrounding skin due to increased melanin concentration. This is a result of the natural pigmentation of the area.
Choice B is incorrect because the sphincter should be relaxed during inspection, not lightly closed. Choice C is incorrect as a large amount of stiff, curling hair surrounding the anus is not an expected finding. Choice D is incorrect as a slight protrusion under the skin when the patient strains or bears down could indicate hemorrhoids, which are not considered normal.
This is an inflammation of the fallopian tubes and the pelvic organs secondary to infections with gonococcus or chlamydia
- A. Ovarian cyst
- B. Endometriosi
- C. PID
- D. Cervicitis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step 1: Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an infection of the fallopian tubes and pelvic organs.
Step 2: PID is commonly caused by gonococcus or chlamydia infections.
Step 3: Ovarian cyst (A) is a fluid-filled sac on the ovary, not related to infections.
Step 4: Endometriosis (B) is the growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterus, not typically associated with infections.
Step 5: Cervicitis (D) is an inflammation of the cervix, not involving the fallopian tubes and pelvic organs.
While giving a history, a patient reports having a weak urinary stream and feeling that his bladder is not empty after urination. Based on these data, what finding does the nurse anticipate upon examination?
- A. An enlarged prostate gland palpated on the anterior wall of the rectum
- B. An indirect hernia palpated through the inguinal ring when the patient coughs
- C. The foreskin of the penis cannot be returned to position after retraction behind the glans
- D. A nodular prostate gland palpated on the posterior wall of the rectum
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: An enlarged prostate gland palpated on the anterior wall of the rectum. In this case, the patient's weak urinary stream and feeling of incomplete bladder emptying are classic symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). During a rectal examination, an enlarged prostate gland can be felt as a smooth, rubbery, and symmetrically enlarged mass on the anterior wall of the rectum. This finding correlates with the patient's urinary symptoms, indicating obstruction of the urethra by the enlarged prostate.
Choice B is incorrect because an indirect hernia is not typically associated with urinary symptoms. Choice C is incorrect as it describes paraphimosis, a condition where the foreskin cannot be returned to its original position. Choice D is incorrect as a nodular prostate gland palpated on the posterior wall of the rectum is more characteristic of prostate cancer rather than BPH, which is typically felt on the anterior wall.
Vaginal candidacies are suspected in a young woman who complains of severe vaginal itching. Which of the following nursing actions should be performed first when assisting in the collection of a vaginal smear for microscopic examination?
- A. Inspect the external genitalia
- B. Don gloves
- C. Wash hands
- D. Label the specimen
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Donning gloves is the first step to ensure hygiene and prevent contamination during specimen collection.