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A nurse is caring for a patient who was just diagnosed with VVC. What treatment does the nurse expect to teach the patient about?
- A. metronidazole (anti-protozoal)
- B. penicillin G (antibiotic)
- C. clotrimazole (antifungal)
- D. ampicillin (antibiotic)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: clotrimazole (antifungal). VVC stands for vulvovaginal candidiasis, which is a fungal infection. Clotrimazole is an antifungal medication commonly used to treat VVC. It works by disrupting the cell membrane of the fungus. Metronidazole (A) is an anti-protozoal used for treating infections like trichomoniasis, not VVC. Penicillin G (B) and ampicillin (D) are antibiotics used for bacterial infections, not fungal infections like VVC. Therefore, the nurse should expect to teach the patient about clotrimazole for VVC treatment.
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Ovarian function and hormone production decline during which transitional phase?
- A. Climacteric
- B. Menarche
- C. Menopause
- D. Puberty
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The climacteric phase is when ovarian function and hormone production decline, leading into menopause.
A nurse is caring for a patient with pyelonephritis. What does the nurse identify as the most common cause?
- A. Escherichia coli
- B. Neisseria gonorrhoeae
- C. Chlamydia trachomatis
- D. Candida albicans
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Escherichia coli. In pyelonephritis, bacteria typically ascend from the lower urinary tract to the kidneys. E. coli is the most common cause due to its prevalence in the gastrointestinal tract and ability to cause urinary tract infections. Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis are more commonly associated with sexually transmitted infections, not pyelonephritis. Candida albicans is a fungal infection and is not a common cause of pyelonephritis.
A nurse is caring for a client who is pregnant for the fourth time. The client delivered two full-term newborns and had one spontaneous abortion at 10 weeks of gestation. The nurse should document the client's obstetrical history as which of the following?
- A. Gravida 3, Para 2
- B. Gravida 3, Para 3
- C. Gravida 4, Para 2
- D. Gravida 4, Para 3
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Gravida refers to total pregnancies (4), and Para refers to births after 20 weeks (2 full-term deliveries). The spontaneous abortion does not count in para.
The nurse would advise the patient to report what symptom immediately during a PD-1 (checkpoint inhibitor) infusion?
- A. nausea
- B. fatigue
- C. dizziness
- D. diarrhea
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: dizziness. Dizziness during a PD-1 infusion can indicate a potential serious adverse reaction, such as immune-related neurological toxicity. Prompt reporting is crucial to prevent complications. Nausea, fatigue, and diarrhea are common side effects of PD-1 inhibitors but are typically not considered immediate concerns for infusion reactions. Reporting dizziness ensures timely assessment and intervention to manage any severe adverse effects.
The United States ranks poorly in terms of worldwide infant mortality rates. Which factor has the greatest impact on decreasing the mortality rate of infants?
- A. Providing more women’sN sheRlterIs G B.C M U S N T O
- B. Ensuring early and adequate prenatal care
- C. Resolving all language and cultural differences
- D. Enrolling pregnant women in the Medicaid program by their eighth month of pregnancy
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ensuring early and adequate prenatal care. Early and adequate prenatal care is crucial in identifying and addressing any potential health issues for both the mother and the baby, leading to healthier outcomes and a decrease in infant mortality rates. Providing more women's shelters (A) may help with social support but does not directly impact infant mortality rates. Resolving all language and cultural differences (C) is important for effective communication but does not directly impact infant mortality rates. Enrolling pregnant women in the Medicaid program (D) is beneficial for access to healthcare, but ensuring early and adequate prenatal care is more directly linked to decreasing infant mortality rates.