Nokea
Two women seem to agree on almost everything from favorite music to favorite media stars to the
- A. They are both members of the same birth cohort.
- B. They are close friends.
- C. They attended the same school.
- D. They both go the same church.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because being members of the same birth cohort means they were born in the same time period. This implies they likely grew up in the same cultural and societal influences, leading to similar preferences. B is incorrect as close friends may have different tastes. C and D are also incorrect as shared experiences at school or church do not guarantee alignment in preferences.
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A nurse advises a client with osteoporosis to have three servings of milk or dairy products daily.
- A. Primary prevention
- B. Secondary prevention
- C. Tertiary prevention
- D. Treatment, but not prevention
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Primary prevention. This recommendation aims to prevent osteoporosis from developing in the first place by promoting adequate calcium intake. Primary prevention focuses on reducing the risk factors and promoting healthy behaviors to prevent the onset of a disease. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they are related to different stages of disease prevention and management. Secondary prevention involves early detection and treatment to prevent complications, tertiary prevention focuses on managing the complications of a disease, and treatment without prevention (choice D) implies addressing the disease after it has already developed.
Which statement about the nursing workforce is true?
- A. The nursing workforce is overwhelmingly whit
- C. The number of minority nurses meets the needs of the country's demographics.
- D. The nursing workforce is becoming increasingly diverse with increasing minorities.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because it aligns with current trends in the nursing workforce. Increasing diversity is a well-documented phenomenon in nursing, supported by data showing a rise in minority representation. This trend is crucial to address healthcare disparities and provide culturally competent care. Choice A is incorrect as the nursing workforce is becoming more diverse. Choice C is incorrect as the number of minority nurses still falls short of matching demographic needs.
A nurse, concerned that unconscious bias might hinder their cultural humility in providing care to clients with backgrounds different from their own, completes the Social Identity Wheel. Which statement describes the nurse's purpose for using this assessment tool?
- A. To learn about the client's cultural identity
- B. To learn to ignore biases and focus on client care
- C. To assess how the nurse's identity influences client care
- D. To confirm that the nurse is culturally sensitive
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: To assess how the nurse's identity influences client care. The purpose of the Social Identity Wheel is for the nurse to reflect on their own identity factors (e.g., race, gender, religion) and how these aspects may impact their interactions and care delivery to clients. This self-awareness helps the nurse recognize and address any biases or assumptions that may affect their ability to provide culturally competent care.
A: To learn about the client's cultural identity - This choice focuses on the client's identity, not the nurse's, so it is not the purpose of using the Social Identity Wheel.
B: To learn to ignore biases and focus on client care - Ignoring biases is not the goal; instead, the goal is to acknowledge and address biases to improve client care.
D: To confirm that the nurse is culturally sensitive - The goal is not confirmation but self-assessment and reflection on how one's identity may impact client care.
Persons in an auditorium may have been exposed to a disease. If they are infected, it is crucial that
- A. The negative predictive value
- B. The positive predictive value
- C. The sensitivity of the test
- D. The specificity of the test
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: The negative predictive value. In this scenario, it is crucial to know the likelihood of a person not being infected if the test result is negative. Negative predictive value assesses the probability of a person truly being disease-free when the test result is negative. This is important for determining the risk of spreading the disease within the auditorium.
Explanation for other choices:
B: The positive predictive value - While important in clinical settings, in this case, determining the accuracy of positive test results is not as critical as ruling out disease transmission.
C: The sensitivity of the test - Sensitivity measures the ability of the test to correctly identify those with the disease, not necessarily ruling out disease transmission among those with negative results.
D: The specificity of the test - Specificity measures the ability of the test to correctly identify those without the disease, which is not directly related to preventing disease spread in this context.
Which of the following best defines aggregate?
- A. A large group of persons
- B. A collection of individuals and families
- C. A group of persons who share one or more characteristics
- D. Another name for demographic group
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because aggregate refers to a group of persons who share one or more characteristics. This definition specifically highlights the commonality among individuals within the group. Choice A is too vague as it does not specify the shared characteristics. Choice B is similar but lacks the emphasis on shared characteristics. Choice D is incorrect as aggregate does not necessarily equate to a demographic group. Choices E, F, and G are not applicable. In summary, choice C is the best definition as it precisely captures the essence of an aggregate group.