Nokea
Ultra-rapid metabolizers of drugs may have:
- A. To have dosages of drugs adjusted downward to prevent drug accumulation
- B. Active drug rapidly metabolized into inactive metabolites, leading to potential therapeutic failure
- C. Increased elimination of active, nonmetabolized drug
- D. Slowed metabolism of a prodrug into an active drug, leading to an accumulation of prodrug
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ultra-rapid metabolizers (e.g., CYP2D6) quickly inactivate drugs , risking therapeutic failure, requiring higher doses, not lower or slowed metabolism .
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The primary action of loop diuretics is to:
- A. Inhibit sodium and chloride reabsorption in the loop of Henle.
- B. Block aldosterone receptors in the distal tubule.
- C. Increase osmolarity of the renal tubular fluid.
- D. Inhibit sodium reabsorption in the proximal tubule.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Loop diuretics like furosemide inhibit Na+/Cl- reabsorption in the loop of Henle, increasing urine output.
The following are recognized effects of propranolol except
- A. Increases microcoronary blood flow
- B. Decrease in heart rate
- C. Decrease in cardiac output
- D. Reduction in ventricular systolic pressure
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Propranolol reduces coronary flow; other effects are correct.
AH are prodrugs except
- A. Enalapril
- B. Paracetamol
- C. Sulphamethoxazole
- D. Trimethoprim
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Enalapril is a prodrug; paracetamol, sulphamethoxazole, and trimethoprim are active drugs.
Which is the most authoritative reference for medications that are injected?
- A. Martindale: The Complete
- B. Handbook on Injectable Drugs
- C. DailyMed
- D. Handbook of Nonprescription Drugs
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The Handbook on Injectable Drugs is the most comprehensive reference available on the topic of compatibility of injectable drugs.
Which of the following inhibit production of triiodethyronine (T4) from tetraiodethyronine (T3)?
- A. Iodides
- B. Thiocyanate
- C. Perchlorate
- D. Amiodarone
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Amiodarone inhibits the peripheral conversion of T4 to T3, reducing active thyroid hormone levels.