Nokea
Traditional Chinese medicine utilizes yin (cooling) versus yang (warming) in assessing and treating disease. Menopause is considered a time of imbalance, therefore the Chinese herbalist would prescribe:
- A. Herbs which are yang in nature
- B. Herbs that are yin in nature
- C. Ginger
- D. Golden seal
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Menopause is a yin-deficient state (hot flashes), so yin (cooling) herbs are prescribed.
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Clinical dosing of Bethanechol:
- A. Begins at the highest effective dose to obtain a rapid response
- B. Starts at 5 mg to 10 mg PO and is repeated every hour until a satisfactory clinical response is achieved
- C. Requires dosing only once daily
- D. Is the same for both the oral and parenteral route
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Bethanechol is titrated hourly from 5-10 mg to achieve the desired effect.
Angina is caused by:
- A. Blocking beta1 receptors with a constant binding of noradrenaline
- B. Activating beta2 receptors
- C. Beta1 receptors are not active anymore
- D. Extreme binding of noradrenaline due to up regulation
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Angina results from myocardial ischemia, often due to excessive demand or reduced supply, which can be exacerbated by upregulated noradrenaline binding increasing heart workload.
Slow channel syndrome is due to
- A. Accumulation of Na+ ions in channels
- B. Accumulation of K+ ions in channels
- C. Accumulation of Mg++ ions in channels
- D. Accumulation of Ca++ ions in channels
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Slow channel syndrome relates to calcium channel dysfunction.
A nurse is teaching her patient about the use of over-the-counter (OTC) drugs. Which of the following statements best informs the patient about their safe use?
- A. OTC drugs are products that are available without prescription for self-treatment of minor complaints.'
- B. OTC drugs are considered medications and should be reported on a drug history.'
- C. OTC drugs were approved as prescription drugs but later were found to be safe without the need for a prescription.'
- D. OTC drugs need to be taken with caution. They can mask the signs and symptoms of an underlying disease and interfere with prescription drug therapy.'
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: OTC drugs are considered medications and should be reported. OTC drugs are available without a prescription, although some were first approved as prescription drugs. The most important teaching should relate to their safe use and that OTC drugs can mask symptoms of disease and interfere with prescribed drugs.
Which statement is correct regarding glucagon:
- A. Causes hypoglicemia
- B. Causes hyperglicemia
- C. Haven't affect blood glucose level in blood
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Glucagon causes hyperglycemia by stimulating glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in the liver.