Nokea
Which of the following is a disadvantage of using oral drugs
- A. First pass effect
- B. Low bioavailability
- C. Overdose overcome by antidotes
- D. A and B
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Oral drugs face the first-pass effect and often have lower bioavailability due to liver metabolism, making D (A and B) the correct combined disadvantage.
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A patient asks the nurse, What is a Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) number? What is the nurses best response?
- A. DEA Numbers are given to physicians and pharmacists when they register with the DEA to prescribe and dispense controlled substances.
- B. Physicians must have a DEA number in order to prescribe any type of medication for patients.
- C. DEA numbers are case numbers given when someone breaks the law involving a controlled substance.
- D. DEA numbers are contact numbers to talk with someone at the DEA when questions arise about controlled substances.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: All pharmacists and physicians must register with the DEA. They are given numbers that are required before they can dispense or prescribe controlled substances. DEA numbers are only needed when prescribing controlled substances. A DEA number is neither a case number nor a phone number.
Clinical dosing of Bethanechol:
- A. Begins at the highest effective dose to obtain a rapid response
- B. Starts at 5 mg to 10 mg PO and is repeated every hour until a satisfactory clinical response is achieved
- C. Requires dosing only once daily
- D. Is the same for both the oral and parenteral route
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Bethanechol is titrated hourly from 5-10 mg to achieve the desired effect.
Ray has been diagnosed with hypertension and an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor is determined to be needed. Prior to prescribing this drug, the NP should assess for:
- A. Hypokalemia
- B. Impotence
- C. Decreased renal function
- D. Inability to concentrate
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: ACE inhibitors can worsen renal function, necessitating baseline assessment.
The following are recognized effects of propranolol except
- A. Increases microcoronary blood flow
- B. Decrease in heart rate
- C. Decrease in cardiac output
- D. Reduction in ventricular systolic pressure
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Propranolol reduces coronary flow; other effects are correct.
Milk and other foods that alkalinize the urine may:
- A. Result in basic drugs, being, reabsosibet in
- B. Increase the elimination of basic drugs in the urine
- C. Decrease the elimination of acidic drugs
- D. Not alter drug elimination due to the minimal change in urine pH
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Alkalinizing urine increases ionization of acidic drugs, reducing their reabsorption and thus decreasing elimination.