Nokea
Umbilical cord contains _________
- A. Pluripotent stem cells
- B. Cord blood stem cells
- C. Blood stem cells
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Cord blood stem cells. Umbilical cord blood contains stem cells that are collected from the blood in the umbilical cord and placenta after a baby is born. These stem cells are known as cord blood stem cells, which are multipotent and have the potential to develop into various types of cells in the body. Pluripotent stem cells (choice A) refer to stem cells that can differentiate into almost any cell type, which is not specifically present in the umbilical cord. Blood stem cells (choice C) are found in bone marrow and are responsible for producing blood cells, but they are not the primary type of stem cells found in umbilical cord blood. Choice D is incorrect because umbilical cord blood indeed contains cord blood stem cells.
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You are caring for a 21-year-old client who had a left orchiectomy for testicular cancer on the previous day. Which nursing activities associated with his care will be best to delegate to a new LPN you are orienting to the surgical unit?
- A. Answer the client's questions about the use of chemotherapy and radiation for testicular cancer.
- B. Administer narcotic analgesic medications to the client for pain.
- C. Teach the client how to perform testicular self-examination on the remaining testicle.
- D. Assess the client's knowledge level about the use of sperm banking.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Administering medications is within the scope of practice for an LPN.
Which cells in the seminiferous tubules progress through the first meiotic division?
- A. Sertoli cells
- B. Spermatogonia
- C. Spermatid
- D. primary spermatocyte
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: primary spermatocyte. Primary spermatocytes are the cells in the seminiferous tubules that progress through the first meiotic division. During this division, primary spermatocytes undergo DNA replication and then divide into two secondary spermatocytes. These secondary spermatocytes will then undergo the second meiotic division to produce haploid spermatids.
Explanation for why other choices are incorrect:
A: Sertoli cells are supporting cells in the seminiferous tubules but do not undergo meiotic divisions.
B: Spermatogonia are the undifferentiated germ cells that give rise to primary spermatocytes but do not progress through meiotic divisions.
C: Spermatids are the haploid cells produced after the two meiotic divisions, so they do not progress through the first meiotic division.
In summary, primary spermatocytes are the cells that go through the first meiotic division in the seminiferous tubules
Which hormone is necessary for the growth of endometrial glands, which are important for the sustenance of a growing embryo until its implantation?
- A. Luteinizing hormone (LH)
- B. Testosterone
- C. Progesterone
- D. Inhibin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Progesterone. Progesterone is necessary for the growth of endometrial glands as it prepares the endometrium for implantation of the embryo. LH is responsible for ovulation, not endometrial gland growth. Testosterone is a male sex hormone and not directly involved in endometrial gland growth. Inhibin regulates FSH secretion, not endometrial gland growth.
The pituitary LH controls:
- A. ovulation;
- B. the progesterone secretion
- C. the activity of the corpus albicans;
- D. follicular maturation;
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: ovulation. Pituitary LH (Luteinizing Hormone) is responsible for triggering ovulation in the menstrual cycle. LH surge leads to the release of the mature egg from the ovarian follicle. The other choices are incorrect because: B: progesterone secretion is mainly regulated by the hormone progesterone itself and not directly by pituitary LH; C: the corpus albicans is a remnant of the ruptured ovarian follicle and is not directly controlled by LH; D: follicular maturation is primarily regulated by FSH (Follicle-Stimulating Hormone) rather than LH.
Sponges reproduce through which form of asexual reproduction?
- A. Fission.
- B. Budding.
- C. Fragmentation.
- D. Parthenogenesis.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Budding. In budding, a new organism develops as an outgrowth or bud on the parent organism. This process results in the formation of a genetically identical offspring. Sponges reproduce asexually through budding by forming small growths, which eventually detach and grow into new individuals. Fission (A) involves the splitting of an organism into two separate organisms, which is not how sponges reproduce. Fragmentation (C) is the breaking of the parent organism into fragments, with each fragment developing into a new individual, but this is not how sponges reproduce asexually. Parthenogenesis (D) is a form of asexual reproduction in which an unfertilized egg develops into a new individual, which is not the method used by sponges.