Nokea
Undercontrolled behavior tends to be seen in American children, whereas overcontrolled behavior is seen in Thai children.
- A. Aggressive behavior; calm behavior
- B. Overcontrolled behavior; undercontrolled behavior
- C. Undercontrolled behavior; overcontrolled behavior
- D. Equal behavioral traits in both cultures.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Undercontrolled behavior; overcontrolled behavior.' The question highlights a cultural difference in behavior tendencies between American and Thai children. American children are usually characterized by undercontrolled behavior, while Thai children tend to exhibit overcontrolled behavior. Choice A (Aggressive behavior; calm behavior) is incorrect as the question does not mention aggressive or calm behavior as the contrasting traits between the two groups. Choice B (Overcontrolled behavior; undercontrolled behavior) is incorrect because the described behavior patterns are reversed based on the question's context. Choice D (Equal behavioral traits in both cultures) is incorrect as the question explicitly states differing behavior patterns in American and Thai children.
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Distinguish between authoritative and authoritarian parenting.
- A. Authoritative parents are controlling and less communicative.
- B. Authoritarian parents are warm and communicative but set firm limits.
- C. Authoritative parents are less controlling and more communicative.
- D. Authoritarian parents are neither warm nor communicative, often leading to moody, irritable children.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Authoritative parents are warm and communicative while also setting firm limits, creating a balanced and nurturing environment. Authoritarian parents, on the other hand, are controlling, less communicative, and tend to set strict rules without much room for discussion. This approach may lead to children becoming irritable and moody due to the lack of warmth and excessive control. Choices A and C incorrectly mix up the characteristics of authoritative and authoritarian parenting. Choice D, although mentioning irritable children, does not accurately capture the key differences between authoritative and authoritarian parenting styles.
An elementary school principal wants to know the best predictors of juvenile delinquency and dropping out of school in high school so she can provide preventive interventions. Your best advice is ________.
- A. Look for kids who are very popular because they are class clowns.
- B. Silent, depressed, loners tend to be dropouts because they are often depressed.
- C. There is no way to predict juvenile delinquency as early as elementary school.
- D. The best predictor is aggression toward peers, which leads to peer rejection.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The best advice is to look for aggression toward peers as the best predictor of juvenile delinquency and dropping out of school. Option A is incorrect because being popular or a class clown doesn't necessarily indicate delinquency. Option B is incorrect as not all silent, depressed loners end up as dropouts. Option C is incorrect as research shows that early signs of aggression can predict future delinquent behavior and school dropout rates, making it feasible to intervene early.
How can resilience impact the likelihood of developing a mental disorder?
- A. Resilience has no impact on mental health outcomes.
- B. Resilience can help individuals overcome significant stressors.
- C. Resilience is irrelevant to mental health.
- D. Resilience is the sole factor that determines mental health outcomes.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Resilience plays a crucial role in mental health outcomes by enabling individuals to navigate and overcome stressors effectively, thus reducing the probability of developing mental disorders. Choice A is incorrect as resilience does have a positive impact on mental health. Choice C is incorrect as resilience is highly relevant to mental health outcomes. Choice D is incorrect because while resilience is important, it is not the only factor influencing mental health.
Mental disorders are almost always _______, meaning they are influenced by multiple genes.
- A. environmental
- B. chemical circuits
- C. polygenic
- D. probabilistic
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'polygenic.' Mental disorders are polygenic, which means they are influenced by multiple genes. This term specifically refers to conditions or traits that are caused by more than one gene. Choice A, 'environmental,' is incorrect as it doesn't directly refer to the genetic influence on mental disorders. Choice B, 'chemical circuits,' is incorrect as it is too specific and not a common term used to describe the genetic basis of mental disorders. Choice D, 'probabilistic,' is incorrect as it relates more to the likelihood or chance of something happening rather than the genetic influence on mental disorders.
How do neurotransmitters affect behavior and mental processes?
- A. Neurotransmitters have little effect on behavior.
- B. Neurotransmitters are chemicals that influence mood, thought, and behavior.
- C. Neurotransmitters have a minor role in mental health.
- D. Neurotransmitters determine intelligence levels.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Neurotransmitters are chemicals that influence mood, thought, and behavior, playing a significant role in mental health. Choice A is incorrect as neurotransmitters do have a notable effect on behavior. Choice C is incorrect as neurotransmitters have a major role in mental health. Choice D is incorrect as neurotransmitters do not solely determine intelligence levels.