Nokea
Undesirable behaviour is also weakened or eliminated by
- A. Positive reinforcement
- B. Extinction
- C. Equilibrium
- D. All of these
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Extinction removes reinforcement to weaken behavior (Skinner).
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The children of parents are immature and self-reliant
- A. Authoritarian
- B. Democratic
- C. Permissive
- D. Authoritative
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Permissive parenting leads to immature yet self-reliant children.
A client diagnosed with depression has reported fatigue and poor concentration. When she is told that the results of her sleep study show that she has excessive REM sleep cycles, the client asks the nurse to explain what those results mean. The nurse best answers the client's concerns by replying:
- A. It means that you are sleep deprived.'
- B. REM sleep stands for rapid eye movement sleep.'
- C. Too much REM sleep deprives you of deep restoring sleep.'
- D. Depressed individuals generally experience prolonged periods of REM sleep.'
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: "Too much REM sleep deprives you of deep restoring sleep." This is the best answer because excessive REM sleep can disrupt the normal sleep cycle, leading to a deprivation of deep, restorative sleep stages like slow-wave sleep. During REM sleep, the brain is active, but the body remains mostly immobile. This can result in poor sleep quality and contribute to symptoms of fatigue and poor concentration reported by the client.
Choice A is incorrect because excessive REM sleep does not necessarily mean the client is sleep deprived. Choice B is an oversimplification and does not address the potential negative impact of excessive REM sleep on sleep quality. Choice D is also incorrect because while depressed individuals may have alterations in their sleep patterns, not all depressed individuals experience prolonged periods of REM sleep.
nnitus describe a decrease in
- A. Mental Retardation
- B. Epilepsy
- C. Hearing
- D. Vision
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Tinnitus is a perception of noise (e.g., ringing) in the ears, linked to hearing issues.
he Montessori approach believes that discipline is
- A. Imposed
- B. Self-imposed
- C. Punitive
- D. External
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Montessori fosters self-imposed discipline through independence and responsibility.
The Mini Mental State Exam is most appropriately used when the:
- A. Focus of the exam is the client's cognitive function.
- B. Interview must be completed in 10 minutes or less.
- C. Client is agitated and unwilling to complete the full version.
- D. Test is meant to establish a client's mood at the time of admission.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because the Mini Mental State Exam is specifically designed to assess a client's cognitive function, including orientation, memory, attention, and language skills. This makes it ideal for evaluating cognitive impairment, dementia, and other neurological conditions. The other choices are incorrect because B focuses on time constraints rather than the purpose of the exam, C addresses behavioral issues rather than assessment goals, and D pertains to mood assessment rather than cognitive function evaluation. Therefore, A is the best choice for the appropriate use of the Mini Mental State Exam.