Nokea
Upon history-taking, the nurse notes that the cough of a patient with lung cancer usually STARTS off to be ___________.
- A. blood-tinged
- B. dark yellow sputum
- C. productive
- D. dry and persistent
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The cough of a patient with lung cancer typically starts off as dry and persistent. This is because lung cancer can irritate the airways, leading to a persistent dry cough as an early symptom. As the cancer progresses, the cough may become more productive with blood-tinged or dark yellow sputum. However, in the early stages, the cough is often dry and persistent, which can be a warning sign for healthcare providers to further investigate potential underlying issues such as lung cancer.
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A patient admitted to the ICU develops acute gastrointestinal bleeding requiring urgent intervention. What intervention should the healthcare team prioritize to manage the patient's bleeding?
- A. Perform endoscopic hemostasis with mechanical or thermal techniques.
- B. Administer proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) to reduce gastric acid secretion.
- C. Implement strict bed rest to minimize physical exertion and bleeding risk.
- D. Recommend transfusion of fresh frozen plasma to correct coagulopathy.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In a patient with acute gastrointestinal bleeding requiring urgent intervention, the healthcare team should prioritize performing endoscopic hemostasis with mechanical or thermal techniques. Endoscopy allows for direct visualization of the source of bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract, enabling targeted interventions such as clipping, cauterization, or injection of epinephrine to achieve hemostasis. This approach is effective in managing acute bleeds and can help stop the bleeding quickly, reducing the need for more invasive procedures or surgeries. Administering proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) may be considered for acid-related bleeding, but it is not the primary intervention for acute bleeding requiring urgent management. Strict bed rest may not be necessary and can increase the risk of complications such as deep vein thrombosis. Transfusion of fresh frozen plasma may be indicated if there is evidence of coagulopathy, but addressing the bleeding source should be the initial priority to
As nursing students were setting up a health screening at a local community center, they reviewed the need to screen for heart disease and cancer. One student asked, "But colon cancer is prevalent: why aren't we setting up for sigmoidoscopy?" How would Nurse Filomena reply?
- A. "Can find adequate privacy for a sigmoidoscopy?"
- B. "A sigmoidoscopy is expensive to perform and invasive".
- C. "Would you like to perform that test for the screening?".
- D. "What a great idea. Would you like to help arrange it?".
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Performing a sigmoidoscopy, which is a procedure to examine the lower part of the colon and rectum, during a health screening event at a community center may not be practical for several reasons. Firstly, sigmoidoscopy is relatively invasive compared to other screening methods for colon cancer, such as fecal occult blood tests or colonoscopy. Secondly, it can be expensive to perform, especially in a community setting where cost-effectiveness is an important consideration. Therefore, Nurse Filomena would likely point out the invasiveness and cost factors to explain why a sigmoidoscopy may not be suitable for a health screening event at a local community center.
One of the post-caesarian patients has a private duty nurse and is responsible for providing holistic care to her patient during the shift. What modality of nursing care is implemented?
- A. Primary
- B. Total care
- C. Team
- D. Functional
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Total care nursing is a nursing care delivery model where one nurse is assigned to provide comprehensive care to a patient for an entire shift. In this case, the private duty nurse is providing holistic care to the post-caesarian patient during the shift, which aligns with the principles of total care nursing. This approach allows the nurse to focus on the individual needs of the patient and provide all aspects of care, promoting continuity and personalized attention. Total care nursing ensures that the patient receives consistent and dedicated care from the same nurse, enhancing the patient's overall experience and outcomes.
While taking nursing history on Annie, what will be the response of the patient that indicates her present condition?
- A. She frequently experiences vertigo nausea and nystagmus when sitting.
- B. She has ear pain and discharge from the left ear when travelling.
- C. She has had impaired hearing since birth.
- D. Her hearing loss has become worse with each succeeding pregnancy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The response indicating Annie's present condition would be option A. This is because the symptoms mentioned in option A, such as experiencing vertigo, nausea, and nystagmus when sitting, point towards a vestibular disorder. These are symptoms commonly associated with conditions like Meniere's disease or vestibular neuritis, which can cause balance issues and feelings of dizziness. These symptoms are more indicative of Annie's current health status compared to the other options which focus on past or unrelated issues, such as ear pain during travel or impaired hearing since birth. The information provided in option A gives a more direct insight into Annie's present condition, making it the most appropriate response.
Which of the following is a qualitative research design where lived experiences of individuals are examined in their "life-world"?
- A. Ethnography
- B. Phenomenology
- C. Ethology
- D. Grounded theory
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Phenomenology is a qualitative research design that focuses on exploring and understanding the lived experiences of individuals within their "life-worlds." It seeks to uncover the essence of a phenomenon as it is experienced subjectively by individuals, aiming to understand the underlying meanings and perspectives through in-depth interviews, observations, and reflections. In phenomenology, researchers aim to set aside their own biases and preconceptions to capture the essence of the participants' experiences as they see them. This approach allows researchers to gain insight into how individuals make sense of and interpret their world, providing rich and detailed accounts of unique human experiences.