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Using Freud's personality theory, what action by a patient identifies the influence of the superego?
- A. Eating an entire chocolate pie
- B. Becoming anxious about having no visitors
- C. Monopolizing the attention of the health care provider
- D. Returning a $5 bill that another patient left on the table
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The superego is the mediator between right and wrong (the conscience).
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Using Freud's personality theory, what action by a patient indicates a strong ego?
- A. Laughs at himself for being foolish.
- B. Continually boasts of his accomplishments.
- C. Apologizes continually.
- D. Insists that the TV channel stay tuned to CNN.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Ego is the reality tester. Laughing at oneself shows that the patient can compare his own foolish behavior to the norm.
During the 17th and 18th centuries, care of patients with mental illness often was cruel. What type of care was used by Dr. Philippe Pinel to bring about change?
- A. Personal care
- B. Individual care
- C. Behavior care
- D. Humane care
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Dr. Philippe Pinel advocated humane care.
When assisting the older adult who is despondent about the need to leave his home, what technique should the nurse use?
- A. Ask him if he has a drinking problem.
- B. Explore the option of his moving in with someone.
- C. Reminisce with the patient and review his life.
- D. Assess for hopelessness and helplessness.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Reminiscence and life review are effective techniques to help older adults deal with changing life circumstances.
The patient complains to the nurse that the health care provider does not like him and wants him to fail at following the diet prescribed. The nurse recognizes that the patient is using which defense mechanism?
- A. Conversion
- B. Projection
- C. Introjection
- D. Repression
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Projection is attributing to other's characteristics that the person does not want to acknowledge.
What does any event that requires change stimulate?
- A. Anger
- B. Depression
- C. Stress
- D. Anxiety
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Any event that requires change leads to stress, which is the nonspecific response of the body to any demand.