Nokea
Vitamin K prevents hemorrhagic disease of the neonate by
- A. Activating the white blood cells
- B. Activating the dormant clotting factors
- C. Adopting a fibrinogen sparing mechanism
- D. Altering the red blood cell count
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Vitamin K activates clotting factors, thus preventing hemorrhagic disease of the neonate.
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In monozygotic twinning, splitting after the twelfth (12th) day of fertilization is highly associated with
- A. Fetal papyraceous
- B. Premature birth
- C. Siamese twin
- D. Diamniotic twin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Splitting after day 12 can lead to conjoined twins (Siamese twins).
The neonatal birth injury that results due to bleeding between the epicranial aponeurosis and the periosteum is
- A. Caput succedaneum
- B. Intracranial hemorrhage
- C. Subgaleal hemorrhage
- D. Aponeurotic hemorrhage
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Caput succedaneum is caused by bleeding between the epicranial aponeurosis and the periosteum.
Puerperal pyrexia is characterized by any episode of fever during the entire puerperium.
- A. TRUE
- B. FALSE
- C. -
- D. -
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Puerperal pyrexia is defined by persistent fever, not any episode during puerperium.
The diagnostic factor of polyhydramnious, based on percussion, is
- A. Muffled fetal heart sounds
- B. Presence of a dull sound
- C. Excessive fetal movements
- D. Presence of a fluid thrill
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Fluid thrill is a key diagnostic sign of polyhydramnious.
With respect to tumor nomenclature, the AGACNP knows that the term carcinoma describes
- A. Malignant neoplasms of internal structure
- B. Tumors that have lost normal growth regulation
- C. A dysfunctional metaplastic adaptation
- D. Neoplasms of epithelial origin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The term "carcinoma" specifically refers to malignant neoplasms that arise from epithelial cells. Epithelial cells are the cells that line the internal and external surfaces of the body. Carcinomas account for the majority of all cancers and can occur in various organs such as the skin, lungs, breasts, colon, and prostate, among others. Carcinomas are characterized by their ability to invade surrounding tissues and potentially metastasize to distant sites in the body. Therefore, option D is the correct choice when describing what the term "carcinoma" signifies in tumor nomenclature.