Nokea
Warfarin resistance may be seen in patients with VCORC1 mutation, leading to:
- A. Toxic levels of warfarin building up
- B. Decreased response to warfarin
- C. Increased risk for significant drug interactions with warfarin
- D. Less risk of drug interactions with warfarin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: VCORC1 mutations reduce warfarin's anticoagulant effect , requiring higher doses, not toxicity or interaction changes .
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It is reasonable to recommend supplementation with in the treatment of hyperlipidemia.
- A. Omega-3 fatty acids
- B. Probiotics
- C. Plant sterols
- D. Calcium
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Plant sterols reduce LDL cholesterol by inhibiting intestinal cholesterol absorption.
Which of the following diagnostic studies would NOT indicate a problem related to a reductase inhibitor?
- A. Elevated serum transaminase
- B. Increased serum creatinine
- C. Elevated creatinine kinase
- D. Increased white blood cell counts
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: WBC elevation is unrelated to reductase inhibitors; others indicate liver, kidney, or muscle issues.
You need to administer 200 mL of a drug over 30 minutes using microdrip tubing (60 gtt/mL). What is the flow rate in drops per minute?
- A. 60 gtt/min
- B. 120 gtt/min
- C. 400 gtt/min
- D. 240 gtt/min
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Flow rate = (200 mL 60 gtt/mL) ÷ 30 = 12,000 ÷ 30 = 400 gtt/min, matching option C.
A 32-year-old female is dehydrated after running a marathon in hot and humid weather. She requires an IV fluid to increase the blood volume and rehydrate the cells. Which one of the following IV fluids would be appropriate for her condition?
- A. Hypertonic crystalloid solution
- B. Isotonic crystalloid solution
- C. Packed red blood cells
- D. Hypotonic crystalloid solution
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Isotonic solutions (e.g., normal saline) restore volume and hydration without shifting fluids excessively.
Phenylephrine is useful for all of the following except
- A. Anaphylactic shock
- B. Mydriasis
- C. Nasal decongestant
- D. Artial tachycardia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Phenylephrine (alpha-agonist) is not used in anaphylactic shock (epinephrine is preferred).