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What action would a community health nurse take to address health disparities?
- A. Providing health education to individuals
- B. Advocating for policies that promote health equity
- C. Conducting community health assessments
- D. Offering free health screenings
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because advocating for policies that promote health equity addresses the root causes of health disparities at a systemic level, leading to sustainable change. Providing health education to individuals (A) is important but may not address underlying systemic issues. Conducting community health assessments (C) is a valuable tool but alone does not directly address health disparities. Offering free health screenings (D) may improve access to care but does not tackle the broader social determinants of health that contribute to disparities. Advocating for policies that promote health equity is the most effective way for a community health nurse to create lasting change and address health disparities comprehensively.
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Parkinson's disease is associated with the loss of which of the following neurotransmitter?
- A. Serotonin
- B. Adrenaline
- C. Dopamine
- D. GABA
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Dopamine. Parkinson's disease is primarily caused by the loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain. Dopamine is crucial for controlling movement, mood, and cognition. Serotonin (A) is not directly related to Parkinson's. Adrenaline (B) is involved in the fight-or-flight response, not Parkinson's. GABA (D) is an inhibitory neurotransmitter, not typically associated with Parkinson's disease.
You are preparing a patient for surgery and completing the preoperative checklist. Which of the following is not typically part of the preoperative checklist?
- A. Assessing for allergies
- B. Conducting the Time Out
- C. Ensuring that informed consent is signed
- D. Ensuring that the history and physical examination have been completed
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. Conducting the Time Out is typically part of the surgical safety checklist during the actual surgery, not the preoperative checklist.
2. Assessing for allergies is important to prevent adverse reactions during surgery.
3. Ensuring informed consent is signed is crucial for legal and ethical reasons.
4. Ensuring history and physical examination are completed helps in assessing the patient's health status before surgery.
Therefore, choice B is not typically part of the preoperative checklist, making it the correct answer.
Why is cultural competence important in community health nursing?
- A. It helps nurses provide care that is respectful and responsive to the health beliefs and practices of diverse patients.
- B. It mandates all health care providers to undergo cultural training.
- C. It ensures that nurses are knowledgeable about different medical practices.
- D. It prevents nurses from encountering cultural misunderstandings.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because cultural competence in community health nursing enables nurses to provide care that respects and responds to the health beliefs and practices of diverse patients. This is important for building trust, improving communication, and enhancing patient outcomes. Choice B is incorrect because cultural training is not mandatory for all healthcare providers. Choice C is incorrect because cultural competence goes beyond medical practices to encompass understanding and respecting patients' cultural backgrounds. Choice D is incorrect because cultural competence does not prevent misunderstandings, but rather helps nurses navigate and address them effectively.
Which is an example of a policy-level intervention in community health?
- A. Implementing new treatment protocols
- B. Educating individuals about healthy behaviors
- C. Establishing community health clinics
- D. Advocating for legislative changes
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, advocating for legislative changes. Policy-level interventions involve changing laws or regulations to improve community health outcomes. Advocating for legislative changes can address systemic issues and create sustainable improvements. Implementing new treatment protocols (A) is a clinical intervention. Educating individuals about healthy behaviors (B) is a behavior-level intervention. Establishing community health clinics (C) is a service-level intervention.
What is a primary objective of public health?
- A. Lowering the prevalence of chronic diseases
- B. Eliminating health disparities among populations
- C. Delivering health education
- D. Extending life expectancy
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Eliminating health disparities among populations. This is the primary objective of public health as it focuses on ensuring that all individuals have equal access to healthcare and resources to achieve optimal health outcomes. By addressing disparities, public health aims to promote health equity and reduce inequalities in health status. Lowering chronic diseases (A) and extending life expectancy (D) are important goals but not the primary objective. Delivering health education (C) is a strategy within public health but not the main objective.