Nokea
What are haematopoietic stem cells responsible for?
- A. Differentiating into lymph nodes
- B. Producing immune cells
- C. Generating cytokines
- D. Suppressing pathogens directly
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Haematopoietic stem cells are responsible for producing immune cells. These stem cells differentiate into various types of blood cells, including white blood cells that play a crucial role in the immune system. They do not differentiate into lymph nodes (A), generate cytokines (C), or suppress pathogens directly (D). The correct answer (B) aligns with the primary function of haematopoietic stem cells in the production of immune cells.
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When the patient asks about the late effects of chemotherapy and high-dose radiation, what areas of teaching should the nurse plan to include when describing these effects?
- A. Third space syndrome
- B. Secondary malignancies
- C. Chronic nausea and vomiting
- D. Persistent myelosuppression
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Late effects of chemotherapy and radiation include secondary malignancies due to long-term cellular damage.
Which of the following white blood cells is small,present in blood and migrates to tissue as necessary?
- A. Neutrophils
- B. Leukocytes
- C. Monocytes
- D. Lymphocytes
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Lymphocytes are small white blood cells that circulate in the blood and migrate to tissues as needed to participate in immune responses.
Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is a disease caused by:
- A. Infection with human immunodeficiency virus
- B. One of several inherited genetic mutations
- C. Deficiency of both innate and adaptive immune components
- D. Deficiency of hematopoietic stem cells
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step 1: SCID is a genetic disorder affecting the immune system.
Step 2: Inherited genetic mutations cause abnormalities in immune cells.
Step 3: These mutations lead to severe deficiencies in immune function.
Step 4: Choice B accurately reflects the genetic basis of SCID.
Summary: Choice A is incorrect because SCID is not caused by HIV. Choice C is incorrect as it oversimplifies the immune deficiencies in SCID. Choice D is incorrect because SCID primarily affects immune cells, not stem cells.
What is the primary goal of palliative care in cancer treatment?
- A. Cure the disease
- B. Extend life expectancy
- C. Relieve suffering and improve quality of life
- D. Prevent disease recurrence
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Palliative care focuses on relieving suffering and improving quality of life for patients with advanced cancer.
An example of a recombinant vaccine is
- A. DPT (Diphteria/Pertussis/Tetanus)
- B. Hepatitis B
- C. BCG
- D. Measles
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hepatitis B. Recombinant vaccines are made by inserting genetic material from a pathogen into another organism to stimulate an immune response. Hepatitis B vaccine is produced using recombinant DNA technology to create a non-infectious protein that triggers an immune response against the hepatitis B virus. DPT, BCG, and Measles vaccines are not examples of recombinant vaccines as they are made using different methods without genetic engineering.