Nokea
What are probiotics?
- A. Indigestible carbohydrates that promote growth of health-promoting bacteria.
- B. Antibiotics that prevent growth of harmful bacteria.
- C. Nutritional supplements of health-promoting bacteria.
- D. Commercial fiber supplements that have a laxative effect.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Probiotics are live bacteria that are beneficial for gut health and are often taken as supplements. They are not indigestible carbohydrates (Choice A), antibiotics (Choice B), or commercial fiber supplements (Choice D). Probiotics contain live strains of good bacteria that help maintain a healthy balance in the gut microbiome.
You may also like to solve these questions
Which component of protein contains nitrogen?
- A. Amino group
- B. Carboxyl group
- C. Peptide bond
- D. Side chain
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is the amino group. Amino groups are functional groups found in amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins. These groups contain nitrogen and are essential for the structure and function of proteins. The carboxyl group (choice B) contains carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen, while the peptide bond (choice C) is a covalent bond formed between amino acids in a protein chain. The side chain (choice D) refers to the unique chemical structure attached to the central carbon of an amino acid and varies among different amino acids, but it does not specifically contain nitrogen.
The process of breaking down body protein into amino acids for energy is known as:
- A. Deamination.
- B. Transamination.
- C. Transcription.
- D. Catabolism.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Catabolism. Catabolism involves the breakdown of body proteins into amino acids to be used as energy when there is an inadequate dietary intake. Choices A and B, deamination and transamination, involve the removal and transfer of amino groups, respectively, but not the breakdown of body proteins. Choice C, transcription, is a process in genetics where DNA is used to create mRNA, not related to breaking down body proteins.
The end products of digestion of macronutrients include fatty acids, amino acids, and:
- A. monosaccharides.
- B. polysaccharides.
- C. enzymes.
- D. cholesterol.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: monosaccharides. When macronutrients like carbohydrates are digested, they are broken down into simpler forms. Carbohydrates are broken down into monosaccharides, proteins into amino acids, and fats into fatty acids. Therefore, the end products of carbohydrate digestion are monosaccharides. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because polysaccharides are larger carbohydrate molecules, enzymes are not the end products of digestion but rather aid in the process, and cholesterol is not a direct end product of macronutrient digestion.
Cholecystokinin (CCK) is produced in the:
- A. duodenum.
- B. stomach.
- C. pancreas.
- D. liver.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cholecystokinin (CCK) is produced in the duodenum, not the stomach, pancreas, or liver. It is released in response to the presence of food in the duodenum, where it plays a crucial role in regulating digestive processes by stimulating the release of bile from the gallbladder and enzymes from the pancreas. Therefore, the correct answer is the duodenum (Choice A). Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because CCK is not produced in the stomach, pancreas, or liver.
Where are the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands found?
- A. mouth
- B. stomach
- C. pancreas
- D. duodenum
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands are the main salivary glands located in the mouth. They play a crucial role in producing saliva, which aids in digestion. The stomach (choice B) is where gastric juices are produced, the pancreas (choice C) secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine, and the duodenum (choice D) is the first part of the small intestine where most chemical digestion occurs. Therefore, the correct answer is the mouth (choice A) as it is where these salivary glands are situated.