Nokea
What are the actions of the drug metformin?
- A. Decreases hepatic glucose production and intestinal glucose absorption
- B. Increases sensitivity to insulin
- C. Short-term sedation
- D. Both A and B
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Metformin has dual actions by decreasing hepatic glucose production and intestinal glucose absorption, which helps in reducing blood glucose levels, and it also increases sensitivity to insulin, aiding in its proper utilization within the body. Therefore, the correct answer is D, as metformin performs both of these actions.
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A nurse is caring for a client with hypertension who asks about a prescription for propranolol. The nurse should inform the client that this medication is contraindicated in clients with a history of which of the following conditions?
- A. Asthma
- B. Glaucoma
- C. Depression
- D. Migraines
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Propranolol is contraindicated in clients with a history of asthma because it can cause bronchospasms due to its non-selective beta-blocking properties. By blocking beta-2 receptors in the lungs, propranolol can lead to bronchoconstriction, potentially triggering asthma symptoms and exacerbating respiratory issues. It is essential for individuals with asthma to avoid medications like propranolol that can worsen their condition.
What is the primary action of warfarin as an anticoagulant?
- A. Prevents the formation of blood clots
- B. Dissolves existing blood clots
- C. Dilates coronary arteries
- D. Treats rhythm disturbances
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Warfarin is classified as an anticoagulant, which means its primary function is to prevent the formation of blood clots. By inhibiting the synthesis of certain clotting factors in the liver, warfarin reduces the blood's ability to clot, making it an important medication in preventing conditions like strokes and deep vein thrombosis.
When caring for a client prescribed warfarin, which laboratory test should the nurse monitor to evaluate the therapeutic effect of the medication?
- A. aPTT
- B. Platelet count
- C. BUN
- D. PT/INR
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct laboratory test to monitor the therapeutic effect of warfarin is the PT/INR. Warfarin affects blood clotting, and the PT/INR levels indicate the effectiveness of the medication in preventing clot formation. Therefore, monitoring PT/INR levels helps ensure that the client is within the therapeutic range and is protected from potential complications related to clotting.
A client has a new prescription for Propranolol. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in teaching the client?
- A. You may experience a rapid heart rate while taking this medication.
- B. Take the medication with food.
- C. Avoid sudden changes in position.
- D. Increase your intake of high-sodium foods.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct statement to include when teaching a client about Propranolol is to avoid sudden changes in position. Propranolol, a beta-blocker, can lead to dizziness and lightheadedness, particularly when changing positions. Therefore, clients should be advised to change positions slowly to prevent falls and related injuries.
Which of the following is a potassium-sparing diuretic?
- A. Furosemide
- B. Spironolactone
- C. Hydrochlorothiazide
- D. Bumetanide
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Spironolactone is classified as a potassium-sparing diuretic. It works by antagonizing the aldosterone receptor, leading to potassium retention and sodium excretion, making it a suitable choice for conditions where potassium retention is desired, such as in patients with heart failure or liver cirrhosis.