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What are the fundamental concepts of dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT)?
- A. Patients are doing the best they can
- B. Patients are motivated and willing to change
- C. Radical acceptance is essential in therapy
- D. Mindfulness is key to managing emotions
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because the fundamental concept of DBT is that patients are doing the best they can. This acknowledges that individuals are trying their best with the skills they currently have. Radical acceptance (C) is a core principle in DBT, but it is not the most fundamental concept. While mindfulness (D) is a key component of DBT, it is not the overarching fundamental concept. Motivation and willingness to change (B) are important in therapy, but the primary focus of DBT is on accepting where the patient is currently at in their journey.
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You are caring for a client who has a doctor's order for 1200 mLs of intravenous fluid every 8 hours. Your shift began at 8 am and there were $600 \mathrm{mLs}$ remaining in the intravenous fluid bag. How many mLs would you expect to see at 12 noon?
- A. 0 mL
- B. 5 mL
- C. 10 mL
- D. 7.5 mL
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: 1200 mL / 8 hr = 150 mL/hr; 4 hr (8 am-12 pm) x 150 mL/hr = 600 mL; 600 mL - 600 mL = 0 mL (A).
Which statement by the nurse will have the greatest impact on medication adherence for a client diagnosed with depression?
- A. I can see about getting your medication for free if you promise to take it.'
- B. You will feel so much better if you take your medication as we've discussed.'
- C. Taking this medication will help you start enjoying the time you spend with your grandchildren again.'
- D. Take your medication and the depression you are feeling will go away and you'll be your old self again.'
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because it emphasizes a positive outcome that is personally meaningful to the client - enjoying time with grandchildren. This statement motivates the client by linking medication adherence to a specific benefit that holds significance for them. Option A involves a conditional offer which may not address the client's underlying motivation. Option B focuses on general improvement without personalizing it, and Option D oversimplifies the complexity of depression recovery. In summary, Option C is the most effective as it connects medication adherence to a specific and meaningful goal for the client.
The theorist associated with psychosocial development is
- A. Sigmund Freud
- B. Carl Rogers
- C. Abraham Maslow
- D. Erik Erikson
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Erik Erikson's psychosocial theory outlines eight stages of development.
Why are patients advised not to abruptly discontinue a benzodiazepine regimen?
- A. Potential for seizures
- B. Have many side effects
- C. Serotonin syndrome
- D. but do not abruptly stop taking medication - can cause withdrawal symptom
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Potential for seizures. Abruptly discontinuing benzodiazepines can lead to withdrawal symptoms, including seizures, due to the sudden decrease in GABA activity in the brain. This can result in serious health risks. Option B is incorrect as side effects are not the primary reason for gradual tapering. Option C is unrelated, as serotonin syndrome is associated with other types of medications. Option D is incorrect because withdrawal symptoms, not side effects, are the main concern when stopping benzodiazepines abruptly.
Which of the following abilities is promoted through the use of trained medical interpreters?
- A. Ability to have 'small talk' with patients
- B. Ability to diagnose psychosocial disorders
- C. Ability to address adherence issues
- D. Ability to educate patients about their medications
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Interpreters clarify instructions, directly aiding adherence discussions.