Nokea
What are the manifestations of nephrotic syndrome?
- A. Dehydration
- B. Uremia
- C. Infection
- D. Low blood lipids
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Infection is a common manifestation of nephrotic syndrome. This is due to the loss of immunoglobulins in the urine, which weakens the body's immune defenses. Dehydration (Choice A) and uremia (Choice B) can be symptoms of kidney dysfunction but are not specific manifestations of nephrotic syndrome. Low blood lipids (Choice D) is incorrect as nephrotic syndrome typically results in high, not low, blood lipid levels due to the body's attempt to replace lost proteins.
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What type of drug therapy is typically administered immediately after a heart attack?
- A. Antilipemic drugs
- B. Corticosteroids
- C. Diuretics
- D. Thrombolytic drugs
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Thrombolytic drugs are typically administered immediately after a heart attack to dissolve the clot blocking the coronary artery and restore blood flow to the heart muscle. Antilipemic drugs are used to lower lipid levels and prevent atherosclerosis, but they are not typically administered immediately after a heart attack. Corticosteroids are used to reduce inflammation and suppress the immune response, which are not immediate concerns after a heart attack. Diuretics are used to reduce fluid build-up and lower blood pressure, but these are not the primary concerns immediately following a heart attack.
Which team member works with the client to evaluate the need for special feeding devices and then teaches the client how to use the device?
- A. dietitian
- B. speech-language pathologist
- C. dietetic technician
- D. occupational therapist
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: An occupational therapist is the team member who works with the client to evaluate the need for special feeding devices and teaches the client how to use them. Occupational therapists specialize in helping individuals with physical or cognitive impairments to perform daily activities. In this scenario, the need for special feeding devices may be due to impaired motor function or disability, making the occupational therapist the correct choice. The other options, dietitian, speech-language pathologist, and dietetic technician, do not typically specialize in evaluating the need for feeding devices or teaching clients how to use them.
What is the term for a barrier that prevents the normal emptying of stomach contents into the duodenum?
- A. Dumping syndrome
- B. Gastritis
- C. Gastric outlet obstruction
- D. Hypochlorhydria
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Gastric outlet obstruction refers to a condition where the opening between the stomach and the duodenum is blocked, preventing the normal passage of food. This is why choice 'C' is correct. 'A: Dumping syndrome' is incorrect because it is a condition where stomach contents move too quickly through the small intestine, not a barrier preventing emptying. 'B: Gastritis' is inflammation of the stomach lining, not a blockage of the outlet. 'D: Hypochlorhydria' refers to low stomach acid, which may affect digestion but does not create a physical barrier blocking the outlet of the stomach.
What should Mrs. Smith do to increase her HDL levels, as advised by the nurse?
- A. Monitor her blood glucose levels
- B. Quit smoking
- C. Control her blood pressure
- D. Take fish oil supplements
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is 'Quit smoking.' Smoking has been shown to lower HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein) levels, and quitting can help to improve these levels. HDL is often referred to as 'good cholesterol' because it helps to remove other forms of cholesterol from the bloodstream, reducing the risk of heart disease. While monitoring blood glucose levels, controlling blood pressure, and taking fish oil supplements can contribute to overall health and wellbeing, they do not directly increase HDL levels in the same way that quitting smoking does. Therefore, quitting smoking is the most effective way for Mrs. Smith to increase her HDL levels as advised by the nurse.
Medication for treating high blood cholesterol levels should not be used for most people unless:
- A. The patient has at least three major risk factors for coronary heart disease
- B. The patient has been experiencing symptoms of coronary heart disease for at least three months
- C. The patient's medical insurance covers prescription drugs
- D. Treatment with Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes (TLC) alone is unsuccessful after three months
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is choice D because medication for high cholesterol is typically not considered unless Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes (TLC), which include diet and exercise, have not proven effective after a three-month period. This approach ensures that lifestyle modifications are given a fair chance to lower cholesterol levels before resorting to medication. Choice A is incorrect because the number of risk factors for coronary heart disease does not dictate when to begin medication; it is about the effectiveness of lifestyle changes. Choice B is incorrect as the duration of coronary heart disease symptoms does not determine when to start medication; the focus is on the response to TLC. Choice C is incorrect because the coverage of prescription drugs by the patient's insurance does not influence the medical decision to use medication for high cholesterol; it is based on medical necessity and effectiveness of prior interventions.