Nokea
What is the digestive action of lipase?
- A. It breaks down carbohydrates
- B. It breaks down proteins
- C. It breaks down lipids
- D. It aids in fat digestion
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Lipase is an enzyme that specifically breaks down lipids (fats) during the process of digestion, converting them into fatty acids and glycerol. This is why option C is the correct answer. Although option D is partially correct, it's less specific than option C. Lipase does not break down carbohydrates or proteins, so options A and B are incorrect.
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What is the major diet-derived antioxidant found in cell membranes?
- A. B12
- B. beta-carotene
- C. vitamin E
- D. vitamin A
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is vitamin E. Vitamin E is the major antioxidant found in cell membranes, where it plays a crucial role in protecting them from oxidative damage. Although B12, beta-carotene, and vitamin A are important nutrients with specific functions in the body, they are not the primary antioxidants found in cell membranes. Vitamin E specifically localizes in cell membranes to neutralize free radicals and prevent lipid peroxidation, making it an essential antioxidant for cellular health.
Which of the following nutrients does not provide energy?
- A. Proteins
- B. Carbohydrates
- C. Fats
- D. Vitamins
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Proteins, carbohydrates, and fats are macronutrients that provide energy in the form of calories when consumed and metabolized by the body. Each gram of protein or carbohydrate provides about 4 calories, and each gram of fat provides about 9 calories. On the other hand, vitamins do not provide energy or calories. They are micronutrients that are essential for various biochemical and physiological processes in the body, including the metabolism of macronutrients. However, they do not contribute directly to the energy supply. Therefore, the correct answer is 'D: Vitamins'. Choices A, B, and C (Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Fats) are incorrect because they are macronutrients that do provide energy/calories when metabolized.
What stimulates bile secretion from the liver to the small intestine?
- A. Pepsin
- B. Salivary Amylase
- C. CCK
- D. Secretin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cholecystokinin (CCK) is the hormone that stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder into the small intestine, aiding in fat digestion. Pepsin is an enzyme in the stomach that breaks down proteins into smaller peptides, not involved in bile secretion. Salivary Amylase is an enzyme in saliva that initiates starch digestion in the mouth, not related to bile secretion. Secretin is a hormone that regulates the release of gastric juice in the stomach and triggers the pancreas to neutralize stomach acid in the small intestine, but it does not stimulate bile secretion.
What nutrition-related side effect is most likely to occur after head and neck surgery for cancer treatment?
- A. Aspiration
- B. Acid reflux
- C. Dumping syndrome
- D. Diarrhea
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The most likely nutrition-related side effect after head and neck surgery for cancer treatment is aspiration. This is due to changes in swallowing mechanics, which can cause food or liquids to be inhaled into the lungs. While acid reflux, dumping syndrome, and diarrhea are potential side effects related to nutrition, they are not as directly connected to head and neck surgery. Acid reflux is more often related to issues with the lower esophageal sphincter, dumping syndrome is typically a complication of gastric surgery, and diarrhea can have various causes, including certain medications or gastrointestinal illnesses.
Which of the following statements is correct about MyPlate?
- A. Canned fruit can be considered part of the fruit group
- B. Soymilk is considered part of the dairy group
- C. Beans and peas are considered part of both the protein group and the vegetable group
- D. Cream cheese and butter are not part of the dairy group
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: According to the MyPlate guide, beans and peas are classified as part of both the protein and vegetable groups due to their high protein content and the nutrients they share with vegetables. This makes Choice C correct. Choice A is incorrect as canned fruit can be part of the fruit group if it's canned in water or 100% fruit juice. Soymilk is considered part of the dairy group, making Choice B incorrect. While cream cheese and butter are dairy products, they are not part of the dairy group on MyPlate because they contain little to no calcium, making Choice D incorrect.