Nokea
What are the substrate and end-products of digestion by the enzyme lipase?
- A. substrate: triglycerides, end-products: fatty acids and glycerol
- B. substrate: proteins, end-products: amino acids
- C. substrate: carbohydrates, end-products: monosaccharides
- D. substrate: nucleic acids, end-products: nucleotides
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Lipase hydrolyzes triglycerides into their component fatty acids and glycerol.
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The terminal portion of the small intestine is the:
- A. ileum
- B. cecum
- C. duodenum
- D. jejunum
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The ileum is the final section of the small intestine, connecting to the large intestine.
Cardiac glands of stomach, all true except:
- A. Present in the narrow band 10-40 mm wide around the esophageal orifice
- B. Lined by secreting cells that secrete mucous and few lysozymes
- C. Few parietal cells for HCL secretion and some enteroendocrine cells that secrete gastrin.
- D. Pits are relatively deep, occupying one half of the thickness of the mucosa
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cardiac gland pits are shallow, not deep, occupying less than half the mucosal thickness, unlike fundic glands.
Filiform papilla of tongue:
- A. Present at sulcus terminalis.
- B. Covered by Parakeratinized epith.
- C. Carry taste buds.
- D. Has underlying Von Ebner's glands.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Filiform papillae are covered by parakeratinized epithelium and are numerous on the anterior tongue, but they do not carry taste buds or have Von Ebner's glands.
Which process matches the definition: The uptake of substances by the GI tract?
- A. Absorption
- B. Ingestion
- C. Peristalsis
- D. Assimilation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Absorption is the process by which nutrients are taken up from the GI tract into the bloodstream.
Which food substance is absorbed, without digestion?
- A. Carbohydrates
- B. Proteins
- C. Vitamins
- D. Fats
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Vitamins are absorbed without digestion, unlike macronutrients.