Nokea
What are the substrate and end-products of digestion by the enzyme lipase?
- A. substrate: triglycerides, end-products: fatty acids and glycerol
- B. substrate: proteins, end-products: amino acids
- C. substrate: carbohydrates, end-products: monosaccharides
- D. substrate: nucleic acids, end-products: nucleotides
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Lipase hydrolyzes triglycerides into their component fatty acids and glycerol.
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In the buccal cavity of human being, digestion of which one of the following get started?
- A. Protein
- B. Fat
- C. Carbohydrates
- D. Nucleic acids
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The digestion of carbohydrates begins in the buccal cavity due to the action of salivary amylase, which breaks down starches into simpler sugars.
Cardiac glands of stomach, all true except:
- A. Present in the narrow band 10-40 mm wide around the esophageal orifice
- B. Lined by secreting cells that secrete mucous and few lysozymes
- C. Few parietal cells for HCL secretion and some enteroendocrine cells that secrete gastrin.
- D. Pits are relatively deep, occupying one half of the thickness of the mucosa
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cardiac gland pits are shallow, not deep, occupying less than half the mucosal thickness, unlike fundic glands.
Match: Lacteal
- A. absorbs fat within the villi
- B. transports oxygen
- C. produces mucus
- D. secretes enzymes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Lacteals are lymphatic capillaries within the villi that absorb dietary fats.
Which gastric secretion is necessary for the absorption of vitamin B12 in the small intestine?
- A. Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
- B. Pepsinogen
- C. Intrinsic factor
- D. Mucus
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Intrinsic factor, secreted by parietal cells in the stomach, binds to vitamin B12, enabling its absorption in the ileum of the small intestine.
A client with an elevated amylase level asks the nurse about the altered value. The nurse bases a response on knowledge that amylase:
- A. Is an enzyme from the pancreas needed for carbohydrate digestion
- B. Plays no significant role in physiological processes
- C. Is an enzyme from the pancreas needed for fat digestion
- D. Is an enzyme from the pancreas that is the major component of bile
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Amylase, produced by the pancreas, digests carbohydrates into sugars.