Nokea
What are THREE long-term complications that can occur after repair of coarctation of the aorta in an infant?
- A. Berry aneurysms
- B. Persistent systemic hypertension
- C. Re-coarctation
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Long-term follow-up is necessary for patients who have undergone repair of coarctation due to risks of recurrence or complications.
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Characteristic indices in anaemia of chronic inflammation:
- A. Increased MCV
- B. Decreased ferritin
- C. Decreased transferrin
- D. Normal MCHC
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Decreased transferrin: In anaemia of chronic inflammation, transferrin levels decrease due to inflammatory cytokines, which affect iron metabolism and its availability for erythropoiesis.
The following drugs are given by subcutaneous route:
- A. Human GH
- B. Insulin
- C. Human erythropoietin
- D. Hepatitis B vaccine
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because human growth hormone (GH) is commonly administered subcutaneously. The other options (b-e) are also given subcutaneously, but GH is the most relevant in this context.
Which among the following is not a feature of low flow - low gradient severe aortic stenosis with preserved left ventricular function?
- A. Mean trans aortic pressure gradient < 40 mm Hg
- B. Aortic valve area < 1 cm²
- C. Stroke volume > 35 ml/m²
- D. Left ventricular ejection fraction > 50%
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Stroke volume is typically reduced, not increased, in low flow - low gradient severe aortic stenosis.
A client with ulcerative colitis is admitted to the medical unit during an acute exacerbation. The nurse should instruct the unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) to report which finding related to the client's bowel movements?
- A. Hard pellets of stool
- B. Clay-colored stool
- C. Stool with fatty streaks
- D. Blood in the stool
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Blood in the stool is a common finding during an acute exacerbation of ulcerative colitis, which is an inflammatory condition of the colon.
A child has third-degree burns of the hands, face, and chest. Which nursing diagnosis takes priority?
- A. Ineffective airway clearance related to edema
- B. Disturbed body image related to physical appearance
- C. Impaired urinary elimination related to fluid loss
- D. Risk for infection related to epidermal disruption
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Airway clearance is the top priority in burn patients, especially with facial burns, as swelling can obstruct the airway.