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What conclusion can be drawn from examining where nurses are employed?
- A. There is a trend toward consolidation of health care into large central medical centers.
- B. There is an increased emphasis on community-based health care.
- C. There is an obvious need to decrease health care costs by cutting positions.
- D. Managed care organizations (MCOs) are employing nurses to improve customer relations.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Nurses are increasingly employed in community settings as opposed to hospitals, reflecting a move toward community-based care rather than hospital-based tertiary care. This shift aligns with efforts to prevent disease and reduce costs, rather than focusing solely on acute care in centralized facilities.
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Which of the following is the most effective strategy for reducing hypertension in a community?
- A. Encouraging regular exercise
- B. Providing free blood pressure screenings
- C. Promoting a diet low in sodium
- D. Advocating for policies to reduce air pollution
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The most effective strategy for reducing hypertension in a community is promoting a diet low in sodium. High sodium intake is directly linked to high blood pressure. By reducing sodium intake, blood pressure can be better controlled. Regular exercise (choice A) is important for overall health but may not have as direct an impact on blood pressure as diet. Providing free blood pressure screenings (choice B) is helpful for early detection but does not address the root cause. Advocating for policies to reduce air pollution (choice D) is important for overall health but may not have as direct an impact on hypertension as reducing sodium intake.
Which of the following is an example of a secondary prevention strategy to address mental health issues in the community?
- A. Offering counseling services for individuals with mental health disorders
- B. Providing education on stress management techniques
- C. Promoting community-wide mental health awareness campaigns
- D. Screening for early signs of depression and anxiety
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because screening for early signs of depression and anxiety is a secondary prevention strategy aiming to detect mental health issues at an early stage to prevent their progression. It focuses on identifying individuals who may be at risk and intervening before the problem worsens. Offering counseling services (A) is a tertiary prevention strategy for those already diagnosed. Providing stress management education (B) is a primary prevention strategy to prevent mental health issues from developing. Promoting mental health awareness campaigns (C) is also a primary prevention strategy to promote mental well-being in the community but does not specifically target early detection of mental health issues.
Which variable has a major influence on a community's health?
- A. Behavior choices made by persons in the community
- B. Number of health care providers and hospitals in the community
- C. Quality of the public safety officers (police officers, firefighters, etc.)
- D. The number and credentials of public health officials in the community
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Individual behavior choices are responsible for about 50% of health outcomes, influenced by social and physical environments, making them a major factor compared to the number or quality of providers and officials.
A nurse is trying to determine a client's reading level. Which action should be taken by the nurse?
- A. Ask the client how he or she would rate his or her ability to read.
- B. Ask the client to assess his or her own health literacy and give examples.
- C. Determine the number of years of formal education the client completed.
- D. Use a literacy assessment tool, many of which are in the literature.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Any of the responses might be effective at assessing literacy, but the single question asking how often help might be needed is the fastest and easiest. Nurses are limited in the time available for assessment. One question is easier for a client than a complete assessment tool. Asking about years of education can be dismaying to someone who did not complete many years of formal schooling. Clients may not understand the question when asked to assess their own health literacy.
Which method will the nurse use when teaching a client who is an auditory learner?
- A. Pictures and images
- B. Videos
- C. Interactive activities
- D. Discussion
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Discussion. Auditory learners learn best through listening and speaking. By engaging in discussions, the nurse can provide information verbally, allowing the client to process the information through auditory channels. This method helps auditory learners retain information effectively.
A: Pictures and images are more suitable for visual learners who learn best through visual aids.
B: Videos are more beneficial for visual and auditory learners but may not fully engage an auditory learner without the opportunity for direct interaction through speaking and listening.
C: Interactive activities are great for kinesthetic learners who learn best through hands-on experiences and physical activities, not specifically tailored for auditory learners.