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Which best describes the aspects central to the definition of community?
- A. Geographic boundaries at a point in time
- B. Whatever is most convenient for the nurse
- C. Patterns of disease found
- D. Persons who share common goals and interests
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The person-place-time model suggests epidemiologists examine demographic characteristics of the community (person characteristics), geographic or environmental factors (place), and a point in time (i.e., the present in comparison with the past and hope for future). Therefore, using the model, any item related to geographic boundaries, persons with shared goals, or a particular time would be correct. Options B, C, and D do not align with this model as they do not emphasize the core aspects of place, people, and time.
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A nurse is selecting goals for an educational program. Which method should be used?
- A. Ask the formal leadership of a community what the learning needs are.
- B. Interview informal leaders about the learning needs of the community.
- C. Use the expertise of professional nurses skilled at assessing needs.
- D. The target audience must determine their needs and priorities.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Learners must be involved in determining their own health education needs and priorities. Both the formal and informal leadership would have useful information to share, but the crucial component is input from the target group.
Which of the following is a key goal of public health nursing?
- A. Providing direct care to individuals
- B. Advocating for policy changes to improve health
- C. Focusing on the treatment of acute illnesses
- D. Conducting research to develop new medical treatments
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because public health nursing focuses on population-level interventions through advocacy for policy changes to improve overall health outcomes. This aligns with the core principles of public health, emphasizing prevention and addressing social determinants of health. Providing direct care to individuals (A) is more aligned with clinical nursing. Focusing on the treatment of acute illnesses (C) is more of a medical approach rather than a public health approach. Conducting research to develop new medical treatments (D) is important but not the primary goal of public health nursing, which is more focused on prevention and promoting health in communities.
Which of the following is the best method for determining the health needs of a community?
- A. Conducting a needs assessment survey
- B. Reviewing local health statistics
- C. Interviewing community leaders
- D. Observing community behaviors
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Conducting a needs assessment survey. This method allows for systematic data collection from a diverse sample of community members, providing a comprehensive understanding of health needs. It ensures a holistic approach, considering various perspectives and demographics. Survey results can identify key health issues, prioritize interventions, and guide resource allocation effectively.
Reviewing local health statistics (B) may not capture the nuances of community needs. Interviewing community leaders (C) may not represent the entire community. Observing behaviors (D) alone may not provide insights into underlying health issues. Conducting a needs assessment survey is the most inclusive and evidence-based method for determining community health needs.
A nurse is implementing a program to promote physical activity in an underserved community. Which of the following would be the most effective strategy?
- A. Organizing group walks for community members
- B. Providing free gym memberships to all community members
- C. Conducting a survey to assess barriers to physical activity
- D. Providing education on the benefits of exercise
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why organizing group walks for community members (Choice A) is the most effective strategy:
1. Encourages social interaction and support, motivating individuals to participate.
2. Fosters a sense of community and belonging, making physical activity more enjoyable and sustainable.
3. Removes financial barriers as it is a cost-effective and accessible option for all community members.
4. Provides accountability and motivation through group participation.
Summary of why other choices are incorrect:
B: Providing free gym memberships may not address other barriers such as transportation or time constraints.
C: Conducting a survey is important but may not directly promote physical activity.
D: Education is valuable but may not translate into actual behavior change without practical implementation strategies.
What are the leading health indicators found in Healthy People 2020?
- A. Financial issues
- B. Health system issues
- C. Legislative issues
- D. Issues related to legal and illegal immigration
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Healthy People 2020 identifies health system issues, individual behaviors, and physical/social environmental factors as leading indicators, excluding financial, immigration, and legislative issues.