Nokea
What condition can result from the bone demineralization associated with immobility?
- A. Osteoporosis
- B. Pooling of blood
- C. Urinary retention
- D. Susceptibility to infection
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Bone demineralization from immobility leads to osteoporosis, increasing fracture and renal calculi risk. Blood pooling, urinary retention, and infection susceptibility are other immobilization effects but not directly caused by bone demineralization.
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What measure is important in managing hypercalcemia in a child who is immobilized?
- A. Provide adequate hydration.
- B. Change position frequently.
- C. Encourage a diet high in calcium.
- D. Provide a diet high in calories for healing.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Vigorous hydration (3000-4000 ml/day for adolescents) with diuretics helps manage hypercalcemia by promoting calcium excretion. Frequent position changes address skin and respiratory issues, calcium intake is restricted, and high-protein, not just high-calorie, diets aid healing.
The nurse is teaching the girls varsity sports teams about the female athlete triad. What is essential information to include?
- A. They should take low to moderate calcium to avoid hypercalcemia.
- B. They have strong bones because of the athletic training.
- C. Pregnancy can occur in the absence of menstruation.
- D. A diet high in carbohydrates accommodates increased training.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Pregnancy is possible despite amenorrhea in the female athlete triad, necessitating contraceptive education. High calcium (1500 mg) prevents osteoporosis, low estrogen weakens bones, and high-protein, high-calorie diets, not just carbohydrates, support intense training.
The nurse at a summer camp recognizes the signs of heatstroke in an adolescent girl. Her temperature is 40 C (104 F). She is slightly confused but able to drink water. Nursing care while waiting for transport to the hospital should include what intervention?
- A. Administer antipyretics.
- B. Administer salt tablets.
- C. Apply towels wet with cool water.
- D. Sponge with solution of rubbing alcohol and water.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Applying cool, wet towels and removing clothing cools the body in heatstroke, addressing thermoregulatory failure. Antipyretics are ineffective, salt tablets worsen dehydration, and rubbing alcohol is harmful and not used.
The nurse uses the five Ps to assess ischemia in a child with a fracture. What finding is considered a late and ominous sign?
- A. Petaling
- B. Posturing
- C. Paresthesia
- D. Positioning
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Paresthesia, indicating nerve compression or ischemia distal to the fracture, is a late and ominous sign requiring immediate action to prevent permanent damage within 6-8 hours. Petaling is cast maintenance, posturing isn?t ischemia-related, and positioning affects comfort, not ischemia.
What is the recommended drink for athletes during practice and competition?
- A. Sports drinks to replace carbohydrates
- B. Cold water for gastrointestinal tract rapid absorption
- C. Carbonated beverages to help with acid-base balance
- D. Enhanced performance carbohydrate-electrolyte drinks
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cold water, consumed 4-8 oz every 15-20 minutes, promotes rapid gastric and intestinal absorption for hydration. Sports drinks may cause gastrointestinal upset, carbonated beverages are discouraged, and enhanced drinks lack evidence of performance benefits.