Nokea
What finding is characteristic of fractures in children?
- A. Fractures rarely occur at the growth plate site because it absorbs shock well.
- B. Rapidity of healing is inversely related to the childs age.
- C. Pliable bones of growing children are less porous than those of adults.
- D. The periosteum of a childs bone is thinner, is weaker, and has less osteogenic potential compared to that of an adult.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Fractures in children heal faster in younger individuals due to robust periosteum and bone pliability. Growth plates are prone to fractures, children?s bones are more porous and pliable, and their periosteum is thicker with greater osteogenic potential than adults?.
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Immobilization causes what effect on metabolism?
- A. Hypocalcemia
- B. Decreased metabolic rate
- C. Positive nitrogen balance
- D. Increased levels of stress hormones
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Immobilization reduces metabolic rate, slowing systems and food intake. It causes hypercalcemia, negative nitrogen balance from muscle atrophy, and decreased stress hormone production due to reduced coping capacity.
An adolescent comes to the school nurse after experiencing shin splints during a track meet. What reassurance should the nurse offer?
- A. Shin splints are expected in runners.
- B. Ice, rest, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) usually relieve pain.
- C. It is generally best to run around and work the pain out.
- D. Moist heat and acetaminophen are indicated for this type of injury.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Shin splints, caused by ligament stress on the tibial shaft, are relieved by ice, rest, and NSAIDs. They aren?t expected, running worsens the injury, and moist heat with acetaminophen is less effective than ice and NSAIDs for inflammation.
What is a physiologic effect of immobilization on children?
- A. Metabolic rate increases.
- B. Venous return improves because the child is in the supine position.
- C. Circulatory stasis can lead to thrombus and embolus formation.
- D. Bone calcium increases, releasing excess calcium into the body (hypercalcemia).
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Immobilization reduces muscle contraction, causing venous stasis, which increases the risk of thrombus and embolus formation. Metabolic rate decreases, venous return diminishes, and bone demineralization leads to hypercalcemia, not increased bone calcium.
What statement is correct regarding sports injuries during adolescence?
- A. Conditioning does not help prevent many sports injuries.
- B. The increase in strength and vigor during adolescence helps prevent injuries related to fatigue.
- C. More injuries occur during organized athletic competition than during recreational sports participation.
- D. Adolescents may not possess insight and judgment to recognize when a sports activity is beyond their capabilities.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Adolescents? lack of insight and judgment can lead to injuries when activities exceed their physical capabilities. Conditioning reduces injuries, fatigue-related injuries occur from overuse, and recreational sports cause more injuries than organized competition.
The nurse at a summer camp recognizes the signs of heatstroke in an adolescent girl. Her temperature is 40 C (104 F). She is slightly confused but able to drink water. Nursing care while waiting for transport to the hospital should include what intervention?
- A. Administer antipyretics.
- B. Administer salt tablets.
- C. Apply towels wet with cool water.
- D. Sponge with solution of rubbing alcohol and water.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Applying cool, wet towels and removing clothing cools the body in heatstroke, addressing thermoregulatory failure. Antipyretics are ineffective, salt tablets worsen dehydration, and rubbing alcohol is harmful and not used.