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The nurse is teaching the girls varsity sports teams about the female athlete triad. What is essential information to include?
- A. They should take low to moderate calcium to avoid hypercalcemia.
- B. They have strong bones because of the athletic training.
- C. Pregnancy can occur in the absence of menstruation.
- D. A diet high in carbohydrates accommodates increased training.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Pregnancy is possible despite amenorrhea in the female athlete triad, necessitating contraceptive education. High calcium (1500 mg) prevents osteoporosis, low estrogen weakens bones, and high-protein, high-calorie diets, not just carbohydrates, support intense training.
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What measure is important in managing hypercalcemia in a child who is immobilized?
- A. Provide adequate hydration.
- B. Change position frequently.
- C. Encourage a diet high in calcium.
- D. Provide a diet high in calories for healing.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Vigorous hydration (3000-4000 ml/day for adolescents) with diuretics helps manage hypercalcemia by promoting calcium excretion. Frequent position changes address skin and respiratory issues, calcium intake is restricted, and high-protein, not just high-calorie, diets aid healing.
The nurse at a summer camp recognizes the signs of heatstroke in an adolescent girl. Her temperature is 40 C (104 F). She is slightly confused but able to drink water. Nursing care while waiting for transport to the hospital should include what intervention?
- A. Administer antipyretics.
- B. Administer salt tablets.
- C. Apply towels wet with cool water.
- D. Sponge with solution of rubbing alcohol and water.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Applying cool, wet towels and removing clothing cools the body in heatstroke, addressing thermoregulatory failure. Antipyretics are ineffective, salt tablets worsen dehydration, and rubbing alcohol is harmful and not used.
The nurse uses the five Ps to assess ischemia in a child with a fracture. What finding is considered a late and ominous sign?
- A. Petaling
- B. Posturing
- C. Paresthesia
- D. Positioning
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Paresthesia, indicating nerve compression or ischemia distal to the fracture, is a late and ominous sign requiring immediate action to prevent permanent damage within 6-8 hours. Petaling is cast maintenance, posturing isn?t ischemia-related, and positioning affects comfort, not ischemia.
An adolescent comes to the school nurse after experiencing shin splints during a track meet. What reassurance should the nurse offer?
- A. Shin splints are expected in runners.
- B. Ice, rest, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) usually relieve pain.
- C. It is generally best to run around and work the pain out.
- D. Moist heat and acetaminophen are indicated for this type of injury.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Shin splints, caused by ligament stress on the tibial shaft, are relieved by ice, rest, and NSAIDs. They aren?t expected, running worsens the injury, and moist heat with acetaminophen is less effective than ice and NSAIDs for inflammation.
The middle school nurse is speaking to parents about prevention of injuries as a goal of the physical education program. How should the goal be achieved?
- A. Use of protective equipment at the familys discretion
- B. Education of adults to recognize signs that indicate a risk for injury
- C. Sports medicine program to help student athletes work through overuse injuries
- D. Arrangements for multiple sports to use same athletic fields to accommodate more children
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Educating adults to recognize fatigue, dehydration, and injury risk signs prevents sports injuries. Protective equipment is mandatory, working through overuse injuries is harmful, and shared fields increase distraction and injury risk.