Nokea
What condition has been shown to be associated with esophageal dysphagia?
- A. myasthenia gravis
- B. achalasia
- C. Alzheimer's disease
- D. cerebral palsy
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Achalasia is the correct answer. It is a condition characterized by the esophagus having difficulty moving food toward the stomach, resulting in dysphagia (difficulty swallowing). Myasthenia gravis (Choice A) is a neuromuscular disorder that affects skeletal muscles, not the esophagus. Alzheimer's disease (Choice C) primarily affects cognitive function, not the esophagus. Cerebral palsy (Choice D) is a neurological disorder affecting body movement and muscle coordination, unrelated to esophageal dysphagia.
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Each statement accurately describes the physical effects of food on periodontal health, except one. Which is the exception?
- A. Supragingival plaque biofilm adhesion is influenced by frequent consumption of monosaccharides
- B. Supragingival plaque biofilm adhesion is influenced by frequent consumption of disaccharides
- C. Poor nutrition has an adverse effect on the periodontium
- D. Chewing soft, spongy foods stimulates salivary flow
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Chewing soft, spongy foods does not stimulate salivary flow; rather, firm, fibrous foods like fruits and vegetables do. Soft foods can stick to teeth, promoting plaque buildup. Choices A, B, and C are accurate: Supragingival plaque biofilm adhesion is influenced by both monosaccharides and disaccharides, while poor nutrition can indeed have adverse effects on the periodontium.
For patients with anemia, which vitamin is crucial for the absorption of iron?
- A. Vitamin A
- B. Vitamin C
- C. Vitamin D
- D. Vitamin E
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is Vitamin C. Vitamin C enhances the absorption of non-heme iron, which is crucial for patients with anemia. Vitamin A (Choice A) is not directly involved in iron absorption. Vitamin D (Choice C) helps with calcium absorption, not iron. Vitamin E (Choice D) does not have a significant role in iron absorption.
Which of the following foods provides the most protein?
- A. Beans
- B. Red peppers
- C. Asparagus
- D. Celery
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
For a patient on a ketogenic diet, which macronutrient is primarily increased?
- A. Carbohydrates
- B. Protein
- C. Fats
- D. Fiber
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Fats. A ketogenic diet is characterized by high fat intake, moderate protein intake, and very low carbohydrate intake. This diet aims to shift the body's metabolism to use fat as the primary source of energy instead of carbohydrates. Increasing fat intake while reducing carbohydrates is essential for achieving and maintaining a state of ketosis. Therefore, choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not align with the macronutrient adjustments required for a ketogenic diet.
Which type of bread, cereal, or pasta would most likely be recommended for a patient on a fat-restricted diet?
- A. popcorn
- B. fried rice
- C. English muffins
- D. granola
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: English muffins would be the most suitable option for a patient on a fat-restricted diet. They are typically lower in fat compared to fried rice, granola, and popcorn with butter. Popcorn, fried rice, and granola are higher in fat content and may not be the best choice for individuals on a fat-restricted diet.