Cardiovascular System Exam Questions Pdf

Cardiovascular System Exam Questions Pdf Related

Review Cardiovascular System Exam Questions Pdf related questions and content

What condition involves a weakened and bulging aorta, the main artery in the body, potentially leading to rupture?

  • A. Aortic aneurysm
  • B. Arterial stenosis
  • C. Pulmonary embolism
  • D. Deep vein thrombosis
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Aortic aneurysm. A weakened and bulging aorta is a characteristic of an aortic aneurysm, which can lead to a rupture if left untreated. Aneurysms can develop due to various factors such as high blood pressure, atherosclerosis, and genetic predisposition. The other choices, B (Arterial stenosis), C (Pulmonary embolism), and D (Deep vein thrombosis) are not correct because they do not specifically involve a weakened and bulging aorta. Arterial stenosis refers to narrowing of an artery, pulmonary embolism is a blockage in a lung artery, and deep vein thrombosis is a blood clot in a deep vein. Only aortic aneurysm fits the description provided in the question.

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Two weeks later, Mr. Cook returns with normal blood pressure readings. Your evaluation of this situation would be

  • A. since his blood pressure is normal, he no longer needs medication
  • B. since his blood pressure recordings are normal, he no longer needs to maintain his prescribed diet
  • C. his medication needs to be adjusted
  • D. the combination of weight loss and medication is effective
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Weight loss and medication contribute to effective blood pressure control.

A patient with cardiogenic shock receives a nursing diagnosis of decreased cardiac output. With the appropriate interventions, the anticipated outcome is for the patient to achieve:

  • A. baseline activity level.
  • B. baseline cardiac function.
  • C. decreased afterload.
  • D. reduced anxiety.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Restoring baseline cardiac function is the goal in managing decreased cardiac output.

While obtaining patient histories, which patient does the nurse identify as having the highest risk for CAD?

  • A. A white man, age 54, who is a smoker and has a stressful lifestyle
  • B. A white woman, age 68, with a BP of 172/100 mm Hg and who is physically inactive
  • C. An Asian woman, age 45, with a cholesterol level of 240 mg/dL and a BP of 130/74 mm Hg
  • D. An obese African American man, age 65, with a cholesterol level of 195 mg/dL and a BP of 128/76 mm Hg
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Smoking and stress are strong risk factors for CAD.

What is the pathophysiology of acute pulmonary edema?

  • A. Acute pulmonary edema occurs when there is a sudden increase in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, leading to leakage of fluid into the alveoli and interstitial spaces in the lungs.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: This fluid accumulation impairs gas exchange, causing severe respiratory distress.

What is a condition where the heart is unable to relax properly between beats, reducing its ability to fill with blood?

  • A. Diastolic heart failure
  • B. Systolic heart failure
  • C. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
  • D. Restrictive cardiomyopathy
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Diastolic heart failure. In diastolic heart failure, the heart is unable to relax properly during the filling phase (diastole), leading to impaired filling of the ventricles. This results in decreased blood supply to the body. Systolic heart failure, on the other hand, is characterized by the heart's inability to contract effectively during the ejection phase (systole). Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy involves abnormal thickening of the heart muscle, affecting its function. Restrictive cardiomyopathy is characterized by stiffening of the heart muscle, impairing its ability to relax and fill properly, but it is different from diastolic heart failure.

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