Cardiovascular System Exam Questions Pdf

Cardiovascular System Exam Questions Pdf Related

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What procedure involves using a catheter to create a small scar in the heart tissue to block abnormal electrical signals and restore normal heart rhythm?

  • A. Catheter ablation
  • B. Angioplasty
  • C. Stent placement
  • D. Valve replacement
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Catheter ablation. This procedure involves using a catheter to create a small scar in the heart tissue to block abnormal electrical signals and restore normal heart rhythm. First, the catheter is guided to the heart through blood vessels. Then, using various techniques such as radiofrequency energy or freezing, the abnormal tissue causing the irregular heartbeat is destroyed to restore the heart's normal rhythm.

Choice B, Angioplasty, involves opening blocked or narrowed blood vessels to improve blood flow, not addressing abnormal heart rhythms. Choice C, Stent placement, involves inserting a mesh tube to keep arteries open, not related to treating abnormal electrical signals in the heart. Choice D, Valve replacement, is a procedure to replace damaged heart valves, not specifically targeting abnormal electrical signals in the heart.

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What is a condition where the blood supply to part of the brain is interrupted or reduced, preventing brain tissue from getting oxygen and nutrients?

  • A. Stroke
  • B. Heart attack
  • C. Pulmonary embolism
  • D. Pneumonia
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Stroke. A stroke occurs when the blood supply to part of the brain is interrupted or reduced, leading to brain tissue not receiving enough oxygen and nutrients. This can result in permanent brain damage or even death.

Choice B: Heart attack, involves a blockage in the blood vessels supplying the heart muscle, not the brain.

Choice C: Pulmonary embolism, is a blockage in the arteries of the lungs, not the brain.

Choice D: Pneumonia, is an infection in the lungs and does not directly involve the brain's blood supply.

In summary, a stroke specifically affects the brain's blood supply and can lead to serious consequences, unlike the other conditions mentioned.

On what basis would the nurse suspect an MI?

  • A. He has pale, cool, clammy skin
  • B. He reports nausea and vomited once at home
  • C. He says he is anxious and has a feeling of impending doom
  • D. He reports he has had no relief of the pain with rest or position change
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Persistent pain despite rest suggests MI.

This is the inflammation of the heart's inner lining, usually caused by an infection.

  • A. Endocarditis
  • B. Myocarditis
  • C. Pericarditis
  • D. Valvulitis
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Endocarditis. Endocarditis is the inflammation of the heart's inner lining, often due to an infection. "Endo-" refers to the inner lining of the heart (endocardium) and "-itis" denotes inflammation. Myocarditis (B) is inflammation of the heart muscle, pericarditis (C) is inflammation of the outer lining of the heart, and valvulitis (D) is inflammation of the heart valves. Endocarditis specifically targets the inner lining, making it the correct choice.

Which of the following veins is the largest and carries back deoxygenated blood from the tissues in the lower extremities and enters the heart proximally?

  • A. Pulmonary artery
  • B. Inferior vena cava
  • C. Pulmonary vein
  • D. Superior vena cava
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The inferior vena cava is the largest vein carrying deoxygenated blood from the lower body into the heart.

While completing a nursing admission history, you obtain this information about the patient's cardiovascular risk factors: patient's mother and two siblings have had myocardial infarctions. Patient smokes and has a 20 pack/year history of cigarette use. Her work as a mail carrier involves a lot of walking. She takes metoprolol (Lopressor) for hypertension and her blood pressure has been in the range of 130/60 to 140/85. Which interventions will be most important to include in the discharge plan? (Choose all that apply.)

  • A. Refer to community programs that assist in smoking cessation.
  • B. Teach about the impact of family history on cardiovascular risk.
  • C. Educate about the need for a change in antihypertensive therapy.
  • D. Assist in reducing the stress associated with her cardiovascular risk.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Smoking cessation is crucial given her history and risk factors.

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