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Which of the following is a chronic condition where the heart muscle is weakened and unable to pump blood effectively, often leading to heart failure?
- A. Dilated cardiomyopathy
- B. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
- C. Restrictive cardiomyopathy
- D. Myocarditis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale:
1. Dilated cardiomyopathy (A) is characterized by the heart muscle becoming weak and enlarged, leading to ineffective pumping.
2. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (B) involves thickened heart muscle but not necessarily weakened.
3. Restrictive cardiomyopathy (C) involves stiffening of the heart muscle, not necessarily weakening.
4. Myocarditis (D) is inflammation of the heart muscle, not specifically related to chronic weakening and heart failure.
Therefore, A is the correct answer as it directly relates to the weakened heart muscle leading to ineffective pumping and heart failure.
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What is the abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space, often associated with infections or malignancies?
- A. Pleural effusion
- B. Pneumothorax
- C. Pulmonary edema
- D. Atelectasis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Pleural effusion. Pleural effusion is the abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space, commonly caused by infections or malignancies. This condition leads to symptoms like chest pain and difficulty breathing. Pneumothorax (B) is the presence of air in the pleural space, not fluid. Pulmonary edema (C) is the accumulation of fluid in the lungs' air sacs, not the pleural space. Atelectasis (D) is the collapse of a lung or part of a lung, not fluid accumulation in the pleural space.
Which assessment data collected from a client with chronic congestive heart failure would indicate precipitating causes?
- A. Subnormal body temp; Obesity; metabolic acidosis
- B. Peripheral hypotension, asthenia, high altitude
- C. Hyperthyroidism, bronchitis, overexertion
- D. Dry cough, orthopnea, bradycardia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: These factors strain the heart.
What is a condition where the heart is unable to relax properly between beats, reducing its ability to fill with blood?
- A. Diastolic heart failure
- B. Systolic heart failure
- C. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
- D. Restrictive cardiomyopathy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Diastolic heart failure. In diastolic heart failure, the heart is unable to relax properly during the filling phase (diastole), leading to impaired filling of the ventricles. This results in decreased blood supply to the body. Systolic heart failure, on the other hand, is characterized by the heart's inability to contract effectively during the ejection phase (systole). Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy involves abnormal thickening of the heart muscle, affecting its function. Restrictive cardiomyopathy is characterized by stiffening of the heart muscle, impairing its ability to relax and fill properly, but it is different from diastolic heart failure.
Which condition refers to the heart being unable to pump sufficient blood to meet the body's needs?
- A. Heart failure
- B. Myocardial infarction
- C. Cardiomyopathy
- D. Pericarditis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Heart failure. This condition occurs when the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. It can result from various factors such as high blood pressure, heart muscle damage, or heart valve disorders. In contrast, B (Myocardial infarction) refers to a heart attack caused by a blockage in the coronary arteries, C (Cardiomyopathy) is a disease of the heart muscle, and D (Pericarditis) is inflammation of the pericardium surrounding the heart. These conditions may affect the heart's function but do not specifically indicate the inability to pump sufficient blood like heart failure does.
Which of the following are the reasons a nurse discourages the consumption of alcohol for a client with mitral valve prolapse?
- A. Tachycardia
- B. Cinchonism
- C. Hypertension
- D. Cardiac stimulation
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Alcohol can stimulate the heart, exacerbating symptoms in clients with mitral valve prolapse.