Nokea
What does impetigo ordinarily results in?
- A. No scarring
- B. Pigmented spots
- C. Atrophic white scars
- D. Slightly depressed scars
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Impetigo tends to heal without scarring unless a secondary infection occurs.
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Which muscle is contraindicated for the administration of immunizations in infants and young children?
- A. Deltoid
- B. Dorsogluteal
- C. Ventrogluteal
- D. Anterolateral thigh
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The dorsogluteal site is avoided in children because of the location of nerves and veins. The deltoid is recommended for 12 months and older. The ventrogluteal and anterolateral thigh sites can safely be used for the administration of vaccines to infants.
Herpes zoster is caused by the varicella virus and has an affinity for which?
- A. Sympathetic nerve fibers
- B. Parasympathetic nerve fibers
- C. Lateral and dorsal columns of the spinal cord
- D. Posterior root ganglia and posterior horn of the spinal cord
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The herpes zoster virus has an affinity for posterior root ganglia, the posterior horn of the spinal cord, and the skin. The zoster virus does not involve the nerve fibers listed.
Which is described as an elevated, circumscribed skin lesion that is less than 1 cm in diameter and filled with serous fluid?
- A. Cyst
- B. Papule
- C. Pustule
- D. Vesicle
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A vesicle is elevated, circumscribed, superficial, smaller than 1 cm in diameter, and filled with serous fluid. A cyst is elevated, circumscribed, palpable, encapsulated, and filled with liquid or semisolid material. A papule is elevated; palpable; firm; circumscribed; smaller than 1 cm in diameter; and brown, red, pink, tan, or bluish red. A pustule is elevated, superficial, and similar to a vesicle but filled with purulent fluid.
Pertussis vaccination should begin at which age?
- A. Birth
- B. 2 months
- C. 6 months
- D. 12 months
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The acellular pertussis vaccine is recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics beginning at age 6 weeks. Infants are at greater risk for complications of pertussis. The vaccine is not given after age 7 years, when the risks of the vaccine become greater than those of pertussis. The first dose is usually given at the 2-month well-child visit. Infants are highly susceptible to pertussis, which can be a life-threatening illness in this age group.
A 4-month-old infant comes to the clinic for a well-infant checkup. Immunizations she should receive are DTaP (diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis) and IPV (inactivated poliovirus vaccine). She is recovering from a cold but is otherwise healthy and afebrile. Her older sister has cancer and is receiving chemotherapy. Nursing considerations should include which?
- A. DTaP and IPV can be safely given.
- B. DTaP and IPV are contraindicated because she has a cold.
- C. IPV is contraindicated because her sister is immunocompromised.
- D. DTaP and IPV are contraindicated because her sister is immunocompromised.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: These immunizations can be given safely. Serious illness is a contraindication. A mild illness with or without fever is not a contraindication. These are not live vaccines, so they do not pose a risk to her sister.