Nokea
Which vitamin supplementation has been found to reduce both morbidity and mortality in measles?
- A. A
- B. B1
- C. C
- D. Zinc
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Evidence suggests that vitamin A supplementation reduces both morbidity and mortality in measles.
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The nurse should know what about Lyme disease?
- A. Very difficult to prevent
- B. Easily treated with oral antibiotics in stages 1, 2, and 3
- C. Caused by a spirochete that enters the skin through a tick bite
- D. Common in geographic areas where the soil contains the mycotic spores that cause the disease
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Lyme disease is caused by Borrelia burgdorferi, a spirochete spread by ticks. The early characteristic rash is erythema migrans. Tick bites should be avoided by entering tick-infested areas with caution. Light-colored clothing should be worn to identify ticks easily. Long-sleeve shirts and long pants tucked into socks should be the attire. Early treatment of erythema migrans (stage 1) can prevent the development of Lyme disease. Lyme disease is caused by a spirochete, not mycotic spores.
What is most important in the management of cellulitis?
- A. Burow solution compresses
- B. Oral or parenteral antibiotics
- C. Topical application of an antibiotic
- D. Incision and drainage of severe lesions
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Oral or parenteral antibiotics are indicated depending on the extent of the cellulitis. Warm water compresses may be indicated for limited cellulitis. The antibiotic needs to be administered systemically. Incision and drainage of severe lesions presents a risk of spreading infection or making the lesion worse.
What causes warts?
- A. A virus
- B. A fungus
- C. A parasite
- D. Bacteria
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Human warts are caused by the human papillomavirus. Infection with fungus, parasites, or bacteria does not result in warts.
A mother tells the nurse that she does not want her infant immunized because of the discomfort associated with injections. What should the nurse explain?
- A. This cannot be prevented.
- B. Infants do not feel pain as adults do.
- C. This is not a good reason for refusing immunizations.
- D. A topical anesthetic can be applied before injections are given.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: To minimize the discomfort associated with intramuscular injections, a topical anesthetic agent can be used on the injection site. These include EMLA (eutectic mixture of local anesthetic) and vapor coolant sprays. Pain associated with many procedures can be prevented or minimized by using the principles of atraumatic care. Infants have neural pathways that will indicate pain. Numerous research studies have indicated that infants perceive and react to pain in the same manner as do children and adults. The mother should be allowed to discuss her concerns and the alternatives available. This is part of the informed consent process.
Herpes zoster is caused by the varicella virus and has an affinity for which?
- A. Sympathetic nerve fibers
- B. Parasympathetic nerve fibers
- C. Lateral and dorsal columns of the spinal cord
- D. Posterior root ganglia and posterior horn of the spinal cord
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The herpes zoster virus has an affinity for posterior root ganglia, the posterior horn of the spinal cord, and the skin. The zoster virus does not involve the nerve fibers listed.