Nokea
Which muscle is contraindicated for the administration of immunizations in infants and young children?
- A. Deltoid
- B. Dorsogluteal
- C. Ventrogluteal
- D. Anterolateral thigh
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The dorsogluteal site is avoided in children because of the location of nerves and veins. The deltoid is recommended for 12 months and older. The ventrogluteal and anterolateral thigh sites can safely be used for the administration of vaccines to infants.
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Which vitamin supplementation has been found to reduce both morbidity and mortality in measles?
- A. A
- B. B1
- C. C
- D. Zinc
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Evidence suggests that vitamin A supplementation reduces both morbidity and mortality in measles.
What is most important in the management of cellulitis?
- A. Burow solution compresses
- B. Oral or parenteral antibiotics
- C. Topical application of an antibiotic
- D. Incision and drainage of severe lesions
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Oral or parenteral antibiotics are indicated depending on the extent of the cellulitis. Warm water compresses may be indicated for limited cellulitis. The antibiotic needs to be administered systemically. Incision and drainage of severe lesions presents a risk of spreading infection or making the lesion worse.
The nurse should know what about Lyme disease?
- A. Very difficult to prevent
- B. Easily treated with oral antibiotics in stages 1, 2, and 3
- C. Caused by a spirochete that enters the skin through a tick bite
- D. Common in geographic areas where the soil contains the mycotic spores that cause the disease
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Lyme disease is caused by Borrelia burgdorferi, a spirochete spread by ticks. The early characteristic rash is erythema migrans. Tick bites should be avoided by entering tick-infested areas with caution. Light-colored clothing should be worn to identify ticks easily. Long-sleeve shirts and long pants tucked into socks should be the attire. Early treatment of erythema migrans (stage 1) can prevent the development of Lyme disease. Lyme disease is caused by a spirochete, not mycotic spores.
What often causes cellulitis?
- A. Herpes zoster
- B. Candida albicans
- C. Human papillomavirus
- D. Streptococci or staphylococci
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Streptococci, staphylococci, and Haemophilus influenzae are the organisms usually responsible for cellulitis. Herpes zoster is the virus associated with varicella and shingles. C. albicans is associated with candidiasis, or thrush. Human papillomavirus is associated with various types of human warts.
What does impetigo ordinarily results in?
- A. No scarring
- B. Pigmented spots
- C. Atrophic white scars
- D. Slightly depressed scars
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Impetigo tends to heal without scarring unless a secondary infection occurs.