Nokea
What does routine analysis of notifiable disease data at the state level include?
- A. Number of cases reported this week and during the previous 2-4 weeks.
- B. Number of cases reported this week and during comparable weeks of the previous 2-5 years.
- C. Simultaneous analysis by age, race, and sex of the patient.
- D. Analysis by county.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: County-level analysis helps localize outbreaks or regional differences in disease burden.
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What methods are commonly used for surveillance data collection?
- A. Vital registration.
- B. Randomized clinical trials.
- C. Disease notifications.
- D. Population surveys.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Population surveys provide valuable data on health-related behaviors and population health status.
Case-control studies allow the investigator to examine only one outcome at a time, but they permit examination of several different exposures at a time. Select a disease or other health outcome with which you are familiar and see how many potential exposures you can identify.
- A. Cancer
- B. Diabetes
- C. Heart disease
- D. Infectious diseases
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: For example, in cancer studies, multiple exposures such as smoking, diet, radiation, and genetics can be assessed simultaneously.
What health effects have been studied in relation to this event?
- A. Thyroid cancer, leukemia, psychological trauma.
- B. Improved immune function, enhanced cognition.
- C. Weight loss, increased energy.
- D. Better vision, faster reflexes.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Studies have linked Chernobyl radiation exposure to thyroid cancer, leukemia, and mental health impacts.
Population doubling time is
- A. Growth rate(GR%)/70
- B. 70/GR%
- C. 60/GR%
- D. GR%/60
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Population doubling time is calculated using the formula 70/GR%, where GR% is the annual growth rate expressed as a percentage.
Mortality experience is taken into consideration when defining
- A. General fertility rate
- B. Total fertility rate
- C. Net reproduction rate
- D. Gross reproduction rate
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Net Reproduction Rate (NRR) considers mortality experience, as it reflects the average number of daughters a woman would have if she survived through her reproductive years.