Nokea
The fraction 50 / 53 is a/an:
- A. Attack rate
- B. Food-specific attack rate
- C. Incidence proportion
- D. Proportion
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: This fraction represents the attack rate among those exposed to wedding cake.
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Population doubling time is
- A. Growth rate(GR%)/70
- B. 70/GR%
- C. 60/GR%
- D. GR%/60
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Population doubling time is calculated using the formula 70/GR%, where GR% is the annual growth rate expressed as a percentage.
A wide range of values can be plotted and seen clearly, regardless of magnitude
- A. Arithmetic-scale line graph
- B. Semilogarithmic-scale line graph
- C. Both
- D. Neither
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Semilogarithmic-scale line graphs accommodate wide value ranges effectively.
You are planning a case-control study of lung cancer to test the hypothesis that vegetable consumption is protective against lung cancer. Would you match on smoking? Explain your answer.
- A. Yes, because smoking is a known confounder for lung cancer.
- B. No, because matching on smoking will introduce overmatching.
- C. Yes, because smoking correlates with vegetable consumption.
- D. No, because smoking is unrelated to vegetable consumption.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Smoking is a strong confounder for lung cancer, and matching on smoking helps ensure comparability between cases and controls, preventing spurious associations.
Why does the line for domestic animals diverge from that of wild animals?
- A. Domestic animals received more vaccinations.
- B. Wild animals are less exposed to humans.
- C. Climate change affected wild animals.
- D. Urbanization reduced domestic animal exposure.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Vaccination campaigns targeted domestic animals, reducing their rabies incidence compared to wild animals.
What does routine analysis of notifiable disease data at the state level include?
- A. Number of cases reported this week and during the previous 2-4 weeks.
- B. Number of cases reported this week and during comparable weeks of the previous 2-5 years.
- C. Simultaneous analysis by age, race, and sex of the patient.
- D. Analysis by county.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: County-level analysis helps localize outbreaks or regional differences in disease burden.