Nokea
You are planning a case-control study of lung cancer to test the hypothesis that vegetable consumption is protective against lung cancer. Would you match on smoking? Explain your answer.
- A. Yes, because smoking is a known confounder for lung cancer.
- B. No, because matching on smoking will introduce overmatching.
- C. Yes, because smoking correlates with vegetable consumption.
- D. No, because smoking is unrelated to vegetable consumption.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Smoking is a strong confounder for lung cancer, and matching on smoking helps ensure comparability between cases and controls, preventing spurious associations.
You may also like to solve these questions
Precision stands for—
- A. Reliability
- B. accuracy
- C. consistency
- D. validity
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Precision denotes the reliability and consistency of measurements.
Case-control studies allow the investigator to examine only one outcome at a time, but they permit examination of several different exposures at a time. Select a disease or other health outcome with which you are familiar and see how many potential exposures you can identify.
- A. Cancer
- B. Diabetes
- C. Heart disease
- D. Infectious diseases
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: For example, in cancer studies, multiple exposures such as smoking, diet, radiation, and genetics can be assessed simultaneously.
The fraction 50 / 53 is a/an:
- A. Attack rate
- B. Food-specific attack rate
- C. Incidence proportion
- D. Proportion
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: This fraction represents the attack rate among those exposed to wedding cake.
What methods are commonly used for surveillance data collection?
- A. Vital registration.
- B. Randomized clinical trials.
- C. Disease notifications.
- D. Population surveys.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Population surveys provide valuable data on health-related behaviors and population health status.
Married-unmarried, child-adult, male-female is
- A. Ordinal scale
- B. Interval scale
- C. Ratio scale
- D. Nominal scale
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: These categories represent nominal scales as they classify without any inherent order.