Nokea
What does the lipid solubility of the drug influence?
- A. Absorption of the drug
- B. Metabolism of the drug
- C. Excretion of the drug
- D. Distribution of the drug
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Factors that can affect distribution include the drug's lipid solubility and ionization and the perfusion of the reactive tissue. The lipid solubility of a drug does not influence absorption, metabolism, or excretion.
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The following drugs reduce mortality in congestive cardiac failure EXCEPT:
- A. Captopril
- B. Carvedilol
- C. Digoxin
- D. Enalapril
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Digoxin improves symptoms but does not reduce mortality in heart failure.
As a clinical consultant for the Breathright drug research firm, you are given the task of using an in vitro assay to screen ten thousand drug analogs to find the most potent beta-2 receptor agonist. When analysing your data, the biomarker that you should screen for is:
- A. E max
- B. Emax
- C. EC50
- D. Half life
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Potency is measured by EC50 (dose producing 50% of max effect); lower EC50 indicates higher potency.
Effects of glucagon are:
- A. Positive inotropic and chronotropic effects
- B. Negative inotropic and chronotropic effects
- C. Inhibition of Gs protein and decrease of CAMP
- D. Activation of Gq and accumulation of Inositol triphosphate
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Glucagon has positive inotropic and chronotropic effects on the heart, increasing contractility and rate.
Which hormones are produces by pancreas?
- A. Calcitirne
- B. Corticotropin
- C. Insuline
- D. Dopamine
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Insulin and glucagon are produced by the pancreas, regulating blood glucose levels; the others are not pancreatic hormones.
Administration of sulfonamide may intensify the action of tolbutamide, through:
- A. Activation of the islets of pancreas
- B. Direct action on the utilization of glucose
- C. Synergistic action
- D. Competing with tolbutamide in plasma protein binding
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Sulfonamides displace tolbutamide from plasma proteins, increasing free drug levels and enhancing its hypoglycemic effect.