Nokea
What does the liver secrete to aid in digestion?
- A. insulin
- B. bile
- C. gastrin
- D. pepsin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: bile. The liver secretes bile to aid in digestion by emulsifying fats, helping in their breakdown and absorption. Insulin (choice A) is secreted by the pancreas to regulate blood sugar levels, not aid in digestion. Gastrin (choice C) is a hormone produced by the stomach to stimulate the secretion of gastric acid, not by the liver. Pepsin (choice D) is an enzyme produced in the stomach to break down proteins, not secreted by the liver.
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Which part of the digestive system is responsible for the absorption of water and electrolytes?
- A. Small intestine
- B. Large intestine
- C. Stomach
- D. Pancreas
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Large intestine. The large intestine is responsible for the absorption of water and electrolytes from the remaining indigestible food matter that passes through the small intestine. It reabsorbs water and electrolytes to maintain the body's fluid balance. The small intestine primarily absorbs nutrients and vitamins, while the stomach is responsible for the initial digestion of food and the pancreas secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine. Therefore, the large intestine is the correct choice for water and electrolyte absorption in the digestive system.
A nurse is teaching a client about strategies to manage gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Which of the following statements should the nurse include?
- A. Elevate the head of your bed by 18 inches.'
- B. Avoid snacking between meals.'
- C. Limit foods that are high in fiber.'
- D. Avoid eating 2 to 3 hours before bedtime.'
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Avoid eating 2 to 3 hours before bedtime. This is because lying down after eating can worsen GERD symptoms by allowing stomach acid to flow back up into the esophagus. By avoiding eating close to bedtime, the client can reduce the risk of acid reflux.
A: Elevating the head of the bed helps reduce nighttime symptoms, but it is not the most essential strategy.
B: Avoiding snacking between meals can help, but the timing of meals is more crucial for managing GERD.
C: Limiting foods high in fiber is not directly related to managing GERD; it is more about avoiding trigger foods like citrus, caffeine, and fatty foods.
One of your family members has developed peptic ulcers and is consulting you for advice. You can tell your family member that there may be a chance of permanently curing this ulcer by
- A. giving up smoking and alcohol.
- B. taking meditation classes to reduce stress.
- C. taking antibiotics that destroy Helicobacter pylori.
- D. taking Tagment or Zantac.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: taking antibiotics that destroy Helicobacter pylori. Helicobacter pylori is a common cause of peptic ulcers, and eradicating it with antibiotics can lead to a permanent cure. Smoking and alcohol cessation (choice A) can help improve symptoms but won't address the root cause. Meditation (choice B) can help manage stress but won't cure the ulcer. Tagament or Zantac (choice D) are medications that can help reduce stomach acid but won't treat the underlying bacterial infection causing the ulcer. Thus, choice C is the most effective in permanently curing the ulcer.
What is a common complication following a laparoscopic cholecystectomy?
- A. Bile leak
- B. Wound infection
- C. Deep vein thrombosis
- D. Pulmonary embolism
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Bile leak. After a laparoscopic cholecystectomy, bile leak is a common complication due to injury to the bile ducts during surgery. This can lead to abdominal pain, infection, and other serious complications. Wound infection (B) is less common in laparoscopic surgeries. Deep vein thrombosis (C) and pulmonary embolism (D) are more associated with prolonged immobility post-surgery, which is less of a concern in laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
The nurse is preparing to administer liquid laxative to a patient in preparation for a colonoscopy. Which action should the nurse take?
- A. Offer a small snack.
- B. Take the patient's temperature.
- C. Mix the laxative with orange juice.
- D. Chill the laxative and pour it over ice.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because chilling the laxative and pouring it over ice can help improve its taste and make it more palatable for the patient. This can encourage the patient to consume the laxative as needed for the colonoscopy preparation. Offering a small snack (choice A) may interfere with the effectiveness of the laxative. Taking the patient's temperature (choice B) is not relevant to administering a laxative. Mixing the laxative with orange juice (choice C) may alter its effectiveness and is not recommended.