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What does the mnemonic device ABCDE stand for?
- A. Allergy, bleeding, chemicals, dietary, environment
- B. Allergy, bleeding, cardio, diabetes, endocrine
- C. Allergy, bleeding, cardio, digestive, endocrine
- D. Allergy, bleeding, cortisone, diabetes, emboli
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: 'Allergy, bleeding, cortisone, diabetes, emboli.' The ABCDE mnemonic is used in healthcare to help remember key assessment points. Choice A is incorrect as 'chemicals' and 'dietary' are not part of the ABCDE assessment. Choice B is incorrect as 'cardio' is not part of the ABCDE mnemonic. Choice C is incorrect as 'cardio' and 'digestive' are not part of the ABCDE mnemonic.
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You are caring for a neonate who has a cleft palate. You should inform the mother that surgical correction will be done when the infant is:
- A. 8 to 12 months of age.
- B. 20 to 24 months of age.
- C. 16 to 20 months of age.
- D. 12 to 16 months of age.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 8 to 12 months of age. Surgical correction for a cleft palate is typically performed around this age to optimize speech development and prevent feeding difficulties. Options B, C, and D suggest later ages for surgery, which may lead to speech and feeding issues due to the delay in correction.
Clients with type 1 diabetes may require which of the following changes to their daily routine during periods of infection?
- A. No change
- B. Less insulin
- C. More insulin
- D. Oral antidiabetic agents
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: During periods of infection, clients with type 1 diabetes may require more insulin to manage the increased blood glucose levels caused by stress and illness. Insulin needs often rise during infections due to the body's increased resistance to the effects of insulin. Therefore, increasing insulin doses is crucial to maintain blood glucose control. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Option A ('No change') is inaccurate because during infections, insulin requirements typically increase. Option B ('Less insulin') is incorrect as the body's increased insulin resistance during infections usually necessitates higher insulin doses. Option D ('Oral antidiabetic agents') is not suitable for type 1 diabetes management as these medications are primarily used for type 2 diabetes.
A nurse is providing discharge teaching to the parent of a toddler who has a new diagnosis of asthma. The parent states she is unable to afford the nebulizer prescribed for the child. Which of the following referrals should the nurse recommend?
- A. Social worker
- B. Pharmacist
- C. Respiratory therapist
- D. Child protective services
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Social worker. A social worker can assist the parent in finding resources to afford the nebulizer. While a pharmacist may provide information about medications and devices, they may not have direct resources to address financial concerns. A respiratory therapist focuses on respiratory care but may not specialize in financial assistance. Referring to child protective services is not appropriate in this scenario as the parent's inability to afford a nebulizer does not indicate neglect or abuse.
A patient is admitted to the emergency department with hypovolemia. Which IV solution should the nurse anticipate administering?
- A. 3% sodium chloride
- B. 10% dextrose in water
- C. 0.45% sodium chloride
- D. Lactated Ringer's solution
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Lactated Ringer's solution is the most suitable IV solution for a patient with hypovolemia. It is a balanced crystalloid solution containing electrolytes such as sodium, chloride, potassium, calcium, and lactate, which closely resemble the body's natural fluids. This solution helps to restore intravascular volume and electrolyte balance in hypovolemic patients. Choice A, 3% sodium chloride, is a hypertonic solution used for specific situations like severe hyponatremia or cerebral edema, not typically for hypovolemia. Choice B, 10% dextrose in water, is a hypertonic solution primarily used for providing calories and free water, not for volume expansion. Choice C, 0.45% sodium chloride, is a hypotonic solution used for conditions like hypernatremia or as maintenance fluid, not for hypovolemia.
Which of the following actions can an individual nurse take to exert leadership in supporting the profession of nursing?
- A. Join a local professional organization.
- B. Talk about healthcare issues to everyone who will listen, including legislators.
- C. Register to vote.
- D. Learn about the healthcare system.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Engaging in conversations about healthcare issues with a wide audience, including legislators, is a powerful way for a nurse to exert leadership and support the nursing profession. This action helps raise awareness, advocate for nursing-related matters, and contribute to positive changes in healthcare policies. Choice A, joining a local professional organization, is beneficial but may not have the same broad impact as engaging in public discourse. Choice C, registering to vote, is important for civic engagement but does not directly relate to exerting leadership in supporting the nursing profession. Choice D, learning about the healthcare system, is valuable for personal development but does not directly address exerting leadership in supporting the nursing profession.