Leadership and Management HESI Test Bank

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Which of the following is a common barrier to effective communication in healthcare?

  • A. Active listening
  • B. Cultural differences
  • C. Clear language
  • D. Empathy
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Cultural differences are a common barrier to effective communication in healthcare. When individuals from different cultures interact in healthcare settings, varying communication styles, beliefs, values, and language barriers can hinder effective communication. This can lead to misunderstandings, misinterpretations, and ultimately impact the quality of care provided. Active listening (choice A) is a communication skill that helps improve understanding and can actually enhance communication. Clear language (choice C) is essential for effective communication and can help overcome barriers, rather than being a barrier itself. Empathy (choice D) is important in healthcare to understand patients' emotions and perspectives, but it is not a common barrier to effective communication.

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Who is credited with the stages of cognitive development?

  • A. Erikson
  • B. Piaget
  • C. Freud
  • D. Lister
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Piaget is indeed credited with the stages of cognitive development. Jean Piaget, a renowned psychologist, proposed a theory of cognitive development that outlines distinct stages through which children develop intellectually. Erikson, Freud, and Lister are not associated with the stages of cognitive development. Erikson is known for his psychosocial stages, Freud for psychosexual stages, and Lister for contributions to the field of medicine.

What are the fine, down-like hairs on the newborn's ears, shoulders, lower back, and/or forehead known as?

  • A. Vernix.
  • B. Lanugo.
  • C. Milia.
  • D. Vibrissae.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Lanugo is the term used to describe the fine, down-like hairs found on a newborn's ears, shoulders, lower back, and/or forehead. These hairs are different from vernix, which is a waxy or cheese-like white substance covering the skin of newborns. Milia are small, white, or yellowish cysts that commonly appear on a newborn's face, while vibrissae are the thick, stiff hairs commonly found around the nose and other parts of the face.

Jansen is receiving metformin (Glucophage). What will be the best plan of the nurse with regard to patient education with this drug? Select one that does not apply.

  • A. It stimulates the pancreas to produce more insulin.
  • B. It must be taken after meals.
  • C. It decreases sugar production in the liver.
  • D. It inhibits absorption of carbohydrates.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct choice that does not apply is A. Metformin does not stimulate the pancreas to produce more insulin; instead, it works by decreasing sugar production in the liver, inhibiting carbohydrate absorption, and reducing insulin resistance. It is recommended to take metformin with meals to reduce gastrointestinal side effects. Option B is incorrect as metformin is usually taken with meals. Option D is also incorrect as metformin does not inhibit the absorption of carbohydrates.

Your pediatric patient weighs 15.8 kg. How many pounds does this child weigh?

  • A. 36 pounds
  • B. 33.6 pounds
  • C. 35 pounds
  • D. 34.8 pounds
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: To convert 15.8 kg to pounds, you multiply by the conversion factor of 2.20462. So, 15.8 kg * 2.20462 = 34.8 pounds. Therefore, the child weighs 34.8 pounds. Choice A is incorrect as it is higher than the correct answer. Choice B is incorrect as it is lower than the correct answer. Choice C is incorrect as it rounds down the conversion result, leading to an inaccurate weight measurement.

You are caring for a neonate who has a cleft palate. You should inform the mother that surgical correction will be done when the infant is:

  • A. 8 to 12 months of age.
  • B. 20 to 24 months of age.
  • C. 16 to 20 months of age.
  • D. 12 to 16 months of age.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 8 to 12 months of age. Surgical correction for a cleft palate is typically performed around this age to optimize speech development and prevent feeding difficulties. Options B, C, and D suggest later ages for surgery, which may lead to speech and feeding issues due to the delay in correction.

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