Nokea
What does the nurse understand must occur in order to produce withdrawal syndrome?
- A. Addiction
- B. Craving
- C. Drug tolerance
- D. Physical dependence
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Physical dependence causes withdrawal when a drug stops; addiction or tolerance don't suffice. Patients who develop a physical dependence on a drug will experience withdrawal syndrome when the drug is stopped.
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Kelly has diarrhea and is wondering if she can take loperamide (Imodium) for the diarrhea. Loperamide:
- A. Can be given to patients of all ages, including infants and children, for viral gastroenteritis
- B. Slows gastric motility and reduces fluid and electrolyte loss from diarrhea
- C. Is the treatment of choice for the diarrhea associated with E. coli 0157
- D. May be used in pregnancy and by lactating women
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Loperamide slows motility to reduce diarrhea; it's not for infants , E. coli 0157 (C, risks toxicity), or universally safe in pregnancy .
Drug which crosses the placental barrier is:
- A. Phenytoin
- B. Diazepam
- C. Corticosterioids
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: All listed drugs cross the placenta, affecting the fetus.
What factor influences drug absorption?
- A. Kidney function
- B. Route of administration
- C. Liver function
- D. Cardiovascular function
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Drug absorption is influenced by the route of administration. IV administration is the fastest method; drug absorption is slower when given orally. Kidney function impacts excretion, liver function impacts metabolism, and cardiovascular function impacts distribution.
The choice of diuretic to use in treating hypertension is based on:
- A. Presence of diabetes with loop diuretics being used for these patients
- B. Level of kidney function with a thiazide diuretic being used for an estimated glomerular filtration rate higher than the mid-40 mL/min range
- C. Ethnicity with aldosterone antagonists best for African Americans and older adults
- D. Presence of hyperlipidemia with higher doses needed for patients with LDL above 130 mg/dL
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Thiazides are effective with GFR >40-50 mL/min; loops are used for lower GFR.
Secobarbital and ethanol when given together show:
- A. Additive sedative action
- B. Reduced sedative action
- C. Competitive antagonism
- D. Chemical antagonism
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Both secobarbital (barbiturate) and ethanol are CNS depressants, resulting in additive sedation.