Nokea
What does the pancreas secrete to aid in digestion?
- A. insulin
- B. gastric acid
- C. digestive enzymes
- D. bile
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: digestive enzymes. The pancreas secretes digestive enzymes such as amylase, lipase, and protease to break down carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in the small intestine. Insulin (choice A) is a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels, not aid in digestion. Gastric acid (choice B) is produced by the stomach, not the pancreas. Bile (choice D) is produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder to aid in fat digestion, not directly secreted by the pancreas for digestion.
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Which of the following stimuli activates sensors in the walls of digestive organs?
- A. breakdown products of digestion
- B. distension
- C. pH of chyme
- D. all of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, all of the above.
1. Breakdown products of digestion activate chemoreceptors in the digestive organs.
2. Distension triggers stretch receptors in the walls of the organs.
3. pH of chyme stimulates pH receptors.
4. All three stimuli work together to regulate and coordinate digestive processes.
Therefore, D is correct as all options activate sensors in the walls of digestive organs.
Choice A is incorrect because it only refers to chemoreceptors, overlooking the other types of receptors involved.
Choice B is incorrect as it only mentions distension, omitting the roles of chemical stimuli.
Choice C is incorrect as it solely focuses on pH receptors, neglecting the other types of sensors involved in digestion.
The nurse should teach the patient with chronic constipation that which food has the highest dietary fiber?
- A. Peach
- B. Popcorn
- C. Dried beans
- D. Shredded wheat
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, dried beans. Dried beans have one of the highest dietary fiber contents among all the options provided. Fiber helps promote regular bowel movements and prevent constipation. Dried beans are also a good source of nutrients and low in fat. Peaches (A) have fiber but not as high as dried beans. Popcorn (B) has some fiber, but it is lower compared to dried beans. Shredded wheat (D) is a good source of fiber, but dried beans have a higher fiber content.
What is the most common cause of secondary protein-calorie malnutrition in the United States?
- A. The unavailability of foods high in protein
- B. A lack of knowledge about nutritional needs
- C. A lack of money to purchase high-protein foods
- D. An alteration in ingestion absorption or metabolism
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because an alteration in ingestion, absorption, or metabolism can lead to secondary protein-calorie malnutrition. This can occur due to various medical conditions affecting the digestive system, such as malabsorption syndromes or metabolic disorders. The other choices are incorrect because the primary cause of secondary protein-calorie malnutrition in the US is not the unavailability of high-protein foods, lack of knowledge about nutritional needs, or lack of money to purchase such foods. These factors may contribute to malnutrition but are not the most common cause in this context.
Which enzyme is responsible for breaking down carbohydrates in the mouth?
- A. Amylase
- B. Protease
- C. Lipase
- D. Pepsin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Amylase. Amylase is an enzyme that specifically breaks down carbohydrates into sugars in the mouth. It is produced by both salivary glands and pancreas. Protease (B) breaks down proteins, Lipase (C) breaks down fats, and Pepsin (D) breaks down proteins in the stomach. Therefore, A is the correct answer for the enzyme responsible for breaking down carbohydrates in the mouth.
Which of the following sports drinks would BEST promote BOTH glucose absorption and water absorption (hydration) during aerobic exercise?
- A. Drink A: 20% carbohydrate and sodium free
- B. Drink B: 8% carbohydrate and sodium free
- C. Drink C: 20% carbohydrate and contains sodium
- D. Drink D: 8% carbohydrate and contains sodium
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Drink D with 8% carbohydrate and contains sodium. During aerobic exercise, glucose and sodium are crucial for optimal hydration and energy replenishment. The 8% carbohydrate concentration is within the recommended range for efficient glucose absorption, while the presence of sodium helps in fluid retention and electrolyte balance. Choices A and B lack sodium, which is necessary for hydration. Choice C has the right carbohydrate concentration but lacks sodium, making it less effective compared to Drink D.