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What does the term 'dilution' refer to in a solution?
- A. Adding more solvent to decrease concentration
- B. Adding more solute to increase concentration
- C. Reducing the temperature to increase solubility
- D. Increasing pressure to increase solubility
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The term 'dilution' in a solution refers to adding more solvent to decrease the concentration of the solution. Dilution involves reducing the concentration of the solute in the solution by increasing the amount of solvent. Choice B is incorrect because adding more solute would increase the concentration, not decrease it. Choices C and D are also incorrect as they relate to factors affecting solubility, not dilution specifically. Therefore, choice A is the correct answer as it accurately defines the process of dilution in a solution.
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Which property of a substance describes its ability to conduct heat or electricity?
- A. Reactivity
- B. Conductivity
- C. Density
- D. Viscosity
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Conductivity is the correct property that describes a substance's ability to conduct heat or electricity. Reactivity is related to how readily a substance undergoes chemical reactions, not its ability to conduct heat or electricity. Density refers to the mass per unit volume of a substance, which is different from its ability to conduct heat or electricity. Viscosity measures a substance's resistance to flow, not its ability to conduct heat or electricity.
What is the primary function of the heart?
- A. Filtering blood
- B. Exchanging gases
- C. Pumping blood throughout the body
- D. Producing hormones
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The main function of the heart is to pump blood throughout the body. The heart acts as a muscular pump that circulates blood, delivering oxygen and nutrients to the body's tissues and removing waste products. Option A is incorrect because blood filtration is a function of the kidneys, not the heart. Option B is incorrect as gas exchange occurs in the lungs, not the heart. Option D is also incorrect as hormone production is mainly carried out by endocrine glands, not the heart.
What is the purpose of genetic counseling?
- A. To treat genetic disorders.
- B. To diagnose genetic diseases in newborns.
- C. To provide information and support to individuals and families with genetic risks.
- D. To collect DNA samples for research purposes.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The purpose of genetic counseling is to provide information and support to individuals and families with genetic risks. Genetic counselors aim to explain the implications of genetic testing, discuss risks and options, and offer emotional and psychological support to help individuals make informed decisions regarding their genetic health. Choice A is incorrect because genetic counseling is not focused on treatment but rather on providing information and support. Choice B is incorrect as genetic counselors do not primarily diagnose genetic diseases in newborns but rather provide guidance and support based on existing diagnoses. Choice D is not the purpose of genetic counseling; genetic counselors do not collect DNA samples for research purposes but instead focus on assisting individuals and families in understanding and managing their genetic risks.
Which property of a wave is measured in Hertz (Hz)?
- A. Amplitude
- B. Wavelength
- C. Speed
- D. Frequency
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Frequency is the property of a wave that is measured in Hertz (Hz). It represents the number of complete cycles of the wave that occur in one second. Amplitude refers to the height of the wave, wavelength is the distance between two consecutive points on a wave that are in phase, and speed is the rate at which the wave travels through a medium. Therefore, the correct answer is frequency as it directly corresponds to the unit Hertz (Hz) used to measure the number of wave cycles per second.
During nuclear transmutation, a target nucleus is bombarded with a particle to create:
- A. A heavier isotope of the same element
- B. A lighter isotope of the same element
- C. An entirely new element
- D. A chain reaction of nuclear fission
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: During nuclear transmutation, a target nucleus is bombarded with a particle to create an entirely new element. This process involves changing the number of protons in the nucleus, resulting in the creation of a different element. Options A and B are incorrect because nuclear transmutation leads to the formation of a new element, not a heavier or lighter isotope of the same element. Option D, a chain reaction of nuclear fission, is incorrect as nuclear transmutation involves the direct conversion of one element into another through bombardment with particles, not the initiation of a fission chain reaction.