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What does valuing respect for the individual as defining high-quality patient care describe about the nurse's approach to patient care?
- A. Critical thinking
- B. Caritas
- C. Paradigm
- D. Hierarchy of needs
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Valuing respect for the individual as defining high-quality patient care describes the nurse's paradigm, which is the overall way of thinking and approaching patient care that guides their actions and decisions. It reflects their fundamental beliefs and values regarding patient interactions and care delivery. Critical thinking involves analyzing information objectively and evaluating situations to make informed decisions. Caritas refers to acts of loving kindness and compassionate care in nursing practice. The hierarchy of needs is a theory that describes the hierarchical nature of human needs, such as physiological needs, safety needs, and social needs.
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While working in the clinical facility, the student nurse learns that a family member has been admitted to the same facility. What statement is true about the student's access to the family member's medical record?
- A. The student may access the family member's medical record as a nurse in the facility.
- B. The student nurse should not access the family member's record until obtaining instructor approval.
- C. The student may access the family member's medical record because of the family relationship.
- D. The student nurse should not view the record unless they are providing care for the family member.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The student nurse should not view the family member's record unless they are directly involved in providing care to maintain confidentiality. Accessing the record without a legitimate reason breaches patient confidentiality and violates ethical principles. Choice A is incorrect because being a nurse in the facility does not automatically grant access to a family member's record. Choice B is incorrect as it does not address the primary concern of direct involvement in care. Choice C is incorrect as family relationship alone does not justify accessing the medical record.
What theme of critical thinking is demonstrated by the belief that continuous learning contributes to the ongoing process?
- A. Critical thinking is a productive and positive activity.
- B. Critical thinking is a process, not an outcome.
- C. Manifestations of critical thinking vary, depending on the context in which they occur.
- D. Critical thinking is triggered by both positive and negative events.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The belief that continuous learning contributes to the ongoing process aligns with the theme that critical thinking is a process, not an outcome. This suggests that critical thinking involves a continuous, dynamic process of evaluating information, making connections, and adapting one's thinking over time, rather than being a fixed end result. Therefore, choice B is the correct answer. Choices A, C, and D do not directly address the continuous nature of critical thinking or its ongoing development, making them incorrect.
When the nurse receives a shift report from the nurse going off shift and asks about a patient's state of mind and emotional needs, which aspect of Dr. Watson's theory is demonstrated?
- A. Intentionality
- B. Curiosity
- C. Caritas
- D. Holism
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Caritas. The act of inquiring about a patient's state of mind and emotional needs reflects the concept of Caritas in Dr. Watson's theory. Caritas involves showing deep concern, compassion, and love for the patient, going beyond just the physical aspects of care. Choice A, Intentionality, refers to the capacity for nurses to act deliberately with an ultimate goal in mind. Choice B, Curiosity, is not directly related to the specific action described in the question. Choice D, Holism, involves considering the patient as a whole being, including physical, emotional, social, and spiritual aspects, but it is not specifically demonstrated by inquiring about emotional needs and state of mind.
What is the difference between the LPN and LVN nursing titles?
- A. LPNs and LVNs have the same educational program length.
- B. LVNs and LPNs have the same duties and skills but hold different titles.
- C. LVNs are able to perform venipuncture, whereas LPNs cannot.
- D. LPNs can pursue an RN license, while LVNs are not on the same path.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. LPNs and LVNs have the same duties and skills but hold different titles. The distinction between the two titles is primarily regional, with some states using LPN (Licensed Practical Nurse) and others using LVN (Licensed Vocational Nurse) to refer to the same role. Their scope of practice, responsibilities, and educational requirements are essentially equivalent, with the only notable difference being the title itself. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because LPNs and LVNs generally have similar educational program lengths, both can perform venipuncture, and both have the potential to pursue further education and licensure to become registered nurses (RNs) if they choose to do so.
The nurse is caring for a patient who has just received a cancer diagnosis. The patient is crying. The nurse recognizes this patient is operating on what level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs?
- A. Self-esteem
- B. Love and belonging
- C. Safety
- D. Self-actualization
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In Maslow's hierarchy of needs, safety needs come after physiological needs. When a patient is crying after receiving a cancer diagnosis, they may be feeling a lack of security and safety. This indicates that the patient is operating on the level of safety needs in Maslow's hierarchy. Choice A, self-esteem, focuses on confidence and respect, which is not the immediate concern when receiving a cancer diagnosis. Choice B, love and belonging, pertains to relationships and social connections, which are important but not the primary focus in this situation. Choice D, self-actualization, involves personal growth and fulfilling one's potential, which is a higher-level need compared to safety needs, making it less likely for a patient to be operating at this level when distressed by a cancer diagnosis.