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What ethical obligations do professional nurses have according to the ANA Code of Ethics for Nurses?
- A. patients.
- B. the nursing profession.
- C. provide high-quality care.
- D. all of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is 'all of the above.' According to the ANA Code of Ethics for Nurses, professional nurses have ethical obligations to patients (clients), the nursing profession, and providing high-quality care. These elements are fundamental principles outlined in the code of ethics to guide nurses in their practice. Choice A is correct as nurses prioritize the well-being and care of their patients. Choice B is correct as nurses are expected to uphold the values and integrity of the nursing profession. Choice C is correct as providing high-quality care is a core ethical obligation of nurses. Therefore, all the choices align with the ANA Code of Ethics for Nurses.
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When administering a nasal spray medication, what should the client do before the medication is administered?
- A. The client should blow their nose gently before the medication is administered.
- B. The medication should be sprayed into the nostril.
- C. The medication should be administered as the client inhales.
- D. The client should sit upright when the medication is administered.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is that the client should blow their nose gently before the medication is administered. This step helps clear the nasal passages, ensuring that the medication can reach its intended target. Choice B is incorrect as the nasal spray should be directed into the nostril, not just in front of the nose. Administering the medication as the client inhales (Choice C) is crucial to ensure proper delivery, as it helps the medication reach the desired areas. Choice D is incorrect because the client should be sitting upright, not lying flat, when administering nasal spray medication to allow for better absorption and prevent the medication from flowing out.
The nurse is teaching parents of a newborn about feeding their infant. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Use the defrost setting on microwave ovens to warm bottles.
- B. When refrigerating formula, discard partially used bottles after 24 hours.
- C. When using formula concentrate, mix one part water and one part concentrate.
- D. When using powdered formula, mix two parts water and one part powder.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is to use the defrost setting on microwave ovens to warm bottles. It is essential for parents to be cautious when warming bottles in a microwave oven to prevent superheating of the milk. Choosing the defrost setting and checking the formula temperature before giving it to the baby helps avoid burns. Discarding partially used bottles after 24 hours when refrigerating formula is crucial as it reduces the risk of harmful bacterial growth. Mixing formula concentrate with water in a 1:1 ratio of one part concentrate to one part water ensures proper dilution of the formula. On the other hand, powdered formula should be mixed following the package instructions, typically using two parts water to one part powder. This accurate mixing ratio provides the necessary balance of nutrients for the baby. Adding fresh formula to partially used bottles can introduce pathogens that may harm the infant, underscoring the importance of discarding partially used bottles and preparing formula correctly. Therefore, options B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not address the safe and proper ways to feed a newborn effectively.
How often should the intravenous tubing on total parenteral nutrition solutions be changed?
- A. every 24 hours
- B. every 36 hours
- C. every 48 hours
- D. every 72 hours
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is to change the intravenous tubing on total parenteral nutrition solutions every 24 hours. This frequency is necessary due to the high risk of bacterial growth associated with TPN solutions. Changing the tubing every 24 hours helps prevent contamination and bloodstream infections. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because waiting longer intervals increases the risk of introducing harmful bacteria into the patient's system, leading to potentially severe complications.
An assessment of the skull of a normal 10-month-old baby should identify which of the following?
- A. closure of the posterior fontanel.
- B. closure of the anterior fontanel.
- C. overlap of cranial bones.
- D. ossification of the sutures
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is the closure of the posterior fontanel. By 10 months of age, the posterior fontanel should be closed. The anterior fontanel typically closes around 12-18 months of age. Overlapping of cranial bones is not a normal finding and may indicate craniosynostosis, a condition where the sutures close too early. Ossification of the sutures is also not a normal finding in a 10-month-old baby as the sutures should remain open to allow for the growth of the skull.
The goals of palliative care include all of the following except:
- A. giving clients with life-threatening illnesses the best quality of life possible
- B. taking care of the whole person"?body, mind, spirit, heart, and soul
- C. no interventions are needed because the client is near death
- D. supporting the needs of the family and client
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The goals of palliative care include choices A, B, and D. Choice C, 'no interventions are needed because the client is near death,' is not part of palliative care. Palliative care involves giving clients with life-threatening illnesses the best quality of life possible, taking care of the whole person"?body, mind, spirit, heart, and soul, and supporting the needs of the family and client. Interventions are crucial in palliative care to ensure the comfort and well-being of the client until the end of life. Therefore, the correct answer is that no interventions are needed because the client is near death.