Nokea
What finding signifies that children have attained the stage of concrete operations (Piaget)?
- A. Explores the environment with the use of sight and movement
- B. Thinks in mental images or word pictures
- C. Makes the moral judgment that 'stealing is wrong'
- D. Reasons that homework is time-consuming yet necessary
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The stage of concrete operations is depicted by logical thinking and moral judgments.
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Physical findings commonly seen in hypothyroidism include:
Coarse hair, thin brittle nails
- A. Malnourished appearance, alopecia
- B. Tachycardia, hyperreflexia
- C. Confusion, stupor
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Coarse hair and thin brittle nails are classic signs of hypothyroidism due to decreased metabolic rate.
A nurse is providing care for an elderly patient with dementia. Which of the following interventions is most appropriate?
- A. Encourage the patient to make complex decisions
- B. Provide a structured routine
- C. Limit social interactions
- D. Avoid physical activity
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A structured routine reduces confusion and promotes safety in dementia. Complex decisions overwhelm, social interactions benefit, and activity supports health.
A client is being admitted with a diagnosis of possible pancreatitis. Which of the following is the best support for this diagnosis?
- A. Pain is in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen
- B. Client reports steatorrhea for the last 3 days
- C. A serum amylase level of 366 U/L
- D. Assessed diminished bowel sounds
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The client's amylase level is elevated above the normal level of 200 U/L. This measurement is the most accurate indicator of pancreatitis and the most objective and specific. The answers in A, B, and D are also clinical manifestations of pancreatitis, but are not as specific as the laboratory value, so they are incorrect choices.
Thirty minutes after delivery the nurse finds that a mother's uterus is relaxed and the lochia is excessive.
The fist action by the nurse should be to:
- A. Check the mother's vital signs.
- B. Elevate the foot part of the bed.
- C. Immediately notify the physician.
- D. Massage the mother's uterus and expel any clots.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Massaging the uterus promotes contraction, reducing excessive lochia and preventing hemorrhage.
A newly diagnosed HIV patient is in your care. The patient has a positive PPD result of 5 mm induration and a normal CXR.
Which of the following represents preferred treatment of this patient?
- A. INH and pyridoxine
- B. IHN and Rifampin
- C. Rifampin and Streptomycin
- D. No pharmacotherapeutic regimen necessary.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: INH with pyridoxine is the standard treatment for latent TB in HIV patients with a positive PPD.