Nokea
What food would most likely be included in Level 1 of the National Dysphagia Diet?
- A. peanut butter
- B. oatmeal
- C. fruit preserves
- D. plain yogurt
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, plain yogurt. Level 1 of the National Dysphagia Diet includes pureed or smooth foods that are easy to swallow. Plain yogurt fits this criteria as it is smooth and can be easily consumed without posing a risk of choking. Choices A, B, and C are not typically included in Level 1 of the diet. Peanut butter, oatmeal, and fruit preserves are not usually suitable for individuals on Level 1 of the National Dysphagia Diet as they may present a choking hazard or are not in a pureed or smooth form.
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Which of the following is NOT required on a food label or nutrition facts panel?
- A. Nutrition facts panel
- B. Ingredients in descending order by weight
- C. The % RDA of ALL the vitamins and minerals in the product
- D. Essential warnings, such as common allergies
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: According to food labeling regulations, every food label or nutrition facts panel must include a nutrition facts panel, list of ingredients in descending order by weight, and essential warnings such as common allergies. However, it is not mandatory to list the % Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) of ALL the vitamins and minerals in the product. Only certain vitamins and minerals, deemed significant to public health, are required to be listed. Therefore, the notion that the % RDA of ALL vitamins and minerals must be displayed is incorrect. Choices A, B, and D are required elements on a food label, making them incorrect answers.
Select all that apply. Characteristics of the 2 main types of essential fatty acids discussed in class include:
- A. they must be supplied by the diet
- B. they can be produced by a process called dehydrogenation
- C. they are anti-inflammatory
- D. they are all polyunsaturated fatty acids
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'they must be supplied by the diet.' Essential fatty acids, like omega-3 and omega-6, cannot be produced by the body and must be obtained through the diet. They are polyunsaturated fatty acids, playing vital roles in inflammation and cell membrane structure. Choice B is incorrect because essential fatty acids cannot be produced by dehydrogenation, a process of removing hydrogen. Choice C is incorrect as not all essential fatty acids are anti-inflammatory; some have pro-inflammatory roles. Choice D is incorrect because not all essential fatty acids are polyunsaturated; omega-9, for example, is a monounsaturated essential fatty acid.
Which medical condition is characterized by symptoms such as oral candidiasis, hairy leukoplakia, herpetic ulcerations, Kaposi's sarcoma, xerostomia, and severe periodontal disease?
- A. Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
- B. Acute Leukemia
- C. Anorexia Nervosa
- D. Bulimia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is known for a variety of oral manifestations such as oral candidiasis, hairy leukoplakia, herpetic ulcerations, Kaposi's sarcoma, xerostomia, and severe periodontal disease. These symptoms are not typically associated with acute leukemia, anorexia nervosa, or bulimia. Acute leukemia usually presents with symptoms like fatigue, frequent infections, and easy bruising. Anorexia nervosa and bulimia are eating disorders, thus their primary symptoms are primarily associated with eating habits and body weight, not oral health.
Which of the following are examples of mechanical digestion? Select all that apply.
- A. Heat
- B. Segmentation
- C. Option B and D
- D. Peristalsis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Mechanical digestion involves physical movements that break down food in the digestive tract. Segmentation (choice B) and peristalsis (choice D), which are both movements of the muscles in the digestive tract, are examples of this type of digestion. Heat (choice A), on the other hand, is related to chemical digestion, not mechanical digestion. Therefore, choice C (Option B and D) is the correct answer as it includes both examples of mechanical digestion provided in the choices. Choices A and D are incorrect because heat (choice A) is not a mechanical digestion process, and peristalsis (choice D) is a movement that helps propel food along the digestive tract but is not directly involved in breaking down food physically.
Which types of diabetes are characterized by the body's cells becoming resistant to insulin? (Select all that apply)
- A. Gestational diabetes
- B. Type II diabetes
- C. Type I diabetes
- D. Both A and B
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In both gestational diabetes and Type II diabetes, the body's cells become resistant to insulin, leading to elevated blood glucose levels. Insulin resistance in these types of diabetes prevents glucose from entering the cells, causing it to accumulate in the bloodstream. On the other hand, Type I diabetes is characterized by the body's inability to produce insulin because the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. Therefore, the correct answer is both A and B. Choice C, Type I diabetes, is not characterized by insulin resistance but rather by the body's inability to produce insulin. Therefore, it is incorrect. Choice D, Both A and B, includes the correct options of gestational diabetes and Type II diabetes, making it the correct answer.